Batteries and electrochemical capacitors

Abruña, Héctor D.; Kiya, Yasuyuki; Henderson, Jay C.

doi:10.1063/1.3047681

Cited by 213 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…However, their limited energy density restricts their use to electrical systems that require a certain power for only a few seconds [9,10]. Hence, further efforts should be focused on the design of new materials that can maintain the high power and increase the energy density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this respect, supercapacitors have attracted great attention because they can be used for large commercial applications ranging from small electronic devices as cell phones and emergency medical equipment to electric vehicles and photovoltaic cells [6]. For instance, supercapacitors can be used to recuperate the breaking energy in electric buses [7] and electric/fuel cell cars [8] or to storage the excess of energy produced by wind turbines [5].3 However, their limited energy density restricts their use to electrical systems that require a certain power for only a few seconds [9,10]. Hence, further efforts should be focused on the design of new materials that can maintain the high power and increase the energy density.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flexible ruthenium oxide-activated carbon cloth composites prepared by simple electrodeposition methods

Sieben

Morallón

Cazorla‐Amorós

2013

Energy

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This work focuses on the preparation of flexible ruthenium oxide containing activated carbon cloth by electrodeposition. Different electrodeposition methods have been used, including chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical properties of the obtained materials have been measured. The results show that the potentiostatic method allows preparing composites with higher specific capacitance than the pristine activated carbon cloth. The capacitance values measured by cyclic voltammetry at 10 mV s -1 and 1 V of potential window were up to 160 and 180 F g -1 . This means an improvement of 82 % and 100 % with respect to the capacitance of the pristine activated carbon cloth. This excellent capacitance enhancement is attributed to the small particle size (4-5 nm) and the three-dimensional nanoporous network of the ruthenium oxide film which allows reaching very high degree of oxide utilization without blocking the pore structure of the activated carbon cloth. In addition, the electrodes maintain the mechanical properties of the carbon cloth and can be useful for flexible devices.Corresponding Author *E. Morallon, morallon@ua.es, Telf. +34-965909590 2 IntroductionThe rapid population growth, economic expansion and industries development has increased the global energy consumption. Today, fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal) supply around 85 % of the energy market, providing more than 80 % of the carbon dioxide anthropogenic emissions released into the atmosphere each year. As a result, the present energy system could not be able to sustain the global economic growth in a relative short period of time [1]. In this scenario, the government´s efforts are focused on the development of sustainable solutions that include the replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy sources, efficiency improvements in the energy production and energy savings on the demand side in order to reduce the carbon emission and to mitigate the global warming consequences (i.e., global climate change and level sea rise) [2].However, many of the renewable energy sources are of a fluctuating nature and cannot cover the daily electricity consumption of industries, households/services and transport activities [3]. To solve this limitation, an efficient storage device can be employed in order to cover the power consumption during the low/zero period of energy production or during a peak power demand [4,5].One of the most important challenges facing scientists today is the construction of efficient systems that can store the energy produced by renewable sources and make it available according to the demand. In this respect, supercapacitors have attracted great attention because they can be used for large commercial applications ranging from small electronic devices as cell phones and emergency medical equipment to electric vehicles and photovoltaic cells [6]. For instance, supercapacitors can be used to recuperate the breaking energy in electric buses [7] and electric/fuel cell cars [8] or to storage the exc...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible ruthenium oxide-activated carbon cloth composites prepared by simple electrodeposition methods

Sieben

Morallón

Cazorla‐Amorós

2013

Energy

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“…The composition dependence of densities of the 0.5Na 2 S + 0.5[xGeS 2 + (1 − x)PS 5/2 ] glasses is shown in Figure 3. The density of the x = 0 glass is 2.03 g/cm 3 and, with the exception of the x = 0.2 glass, the density shows a small positive deviation from linearity when GeS 2 is exchanged for PS 5/2 across the entire composition range. The density of the x = 1 glass is 2.47 g/cm 3 .…”

Section: ■ Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sodium metal flakes were submerged in the mineral oil to capture dissolved oxygen and moisture during storage in the glovebox. Replicate measurements on three glass samples were averaged for each glass composition and in this way the accuracy of the density measurements was found to ±0.01 g/ cm 3 . Density.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Densities were determined using the Archimedes method on annealed bulk glass samples inside a high purity N 2 glovebox. The immersion fluid used was mineral oil (Fisher Scientific) with a measured density of 0.866 ± 0.001 g/cm 3 . The density of the mineral oil was determined before each measurement using a stainless steel calibration sphere of known density.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short Range Structural Models of the Glass Transition Temperatures and Densities of 0.5Na₂S + 0.5[xGeS₂ + (1 – x)PS_5/2] Mixed Glass Former Glasses

2014

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The 0.5Na 2 S + 0.5[xGeS 2 + (1 -x)PS 5/2 ] mixed glass former (MGF) glass system exhibits a nonlinear and nonadditive negative change in the Na + ion conductivity as one glass former, PS 5/2 , is exchanged for the other, GeS 2 . This behavior, known as the mixed glass former effect (MGFE), is also manifest in a negative deviation from the linear interpolation of the glass transition temperatures (T g ) of the binary end-member glasses, x = 0 and x = 1. Interestingly, the composition dependence of the densities of these ternary MGF glasses reveals a slightly positive MGFE deviation from a linear interpolation of the densities of the binary end-member glasses, x = 0 and x = 1. From our previous studies of the structures of these glasses using IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopies, we find that a disproportionation reaction occurs between PS 7/2 4-and GeS 3 2-units into PS 4 3-and GeS 5/2 1-units. This disproportionation combined with the formation of Ge 4 S 10 4-anions from GeS 5/2 1-groups leads to the negative MGFE in T g . A best-fit model of the T g s of these glasses was developed to quantify the amount of GeS 5/2 1-units that form Ge 4 S 10 4-molecular anions in the ternary glasses (∼5-10%). This refined structural model was used to develop a short-range structural model of the molar volumes, which shows that the slight densification of the ternary glasses is due to the improved packing efficiency of the germanium sulfide species. Disciplines Materials Science and Engineering CommentsReprinted with permission ABSTRACT: The 0.5Na 2 S + 0.5[xGeS 2 + (1 − x)PS 5/2 ] mixed glass former (MGF) glass system exhibits a nonlinear and nonadditive negative change in the Na + ion conductivity as one glass former, PS 5/2 , is exchanged for the other, GeS 2 . This behavior, known as the mixed glass former effect (MGFE), is also manifest in a negative deviation from the linear interpolation of the glass transition temperatures (T g ) of the binary end-member glasses, x = 0 and x = 1. Interestingly, the composition dependence of the densities of these ternary MGF glasses reveals a slightly positive MGFE deviation from a linear interpolation of the densities of the binary end-member glasses, x = 0 and x = 1. From our previous studies of the structures of these glasses using IR, Raman, and NMR spectroscopies, we find that a disproportionation reaction occurs between PS 7/2 4-and GeS 3 2-units into PS 4 3-and GeS 5/2 1-

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Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion Systems with Diamond Films

Peralta‐Hernández

Hernández‐Ramírez

Guzmán-Mar

et al. 2011

Synthetic Diamond Films

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Batteries and electrochemical capacitors

Abstract: Present and future applications of electrical energy storage devices are stimulating research into innovative new materials and novel architectures.

Cited by 213 publications

References 35 publications

Flexible ruthenium oxide-activated carbon cloth composites prepared by simple electrodeposition methods

Flexible ruthenium oxide-activated carbon cloth composites prepared by simple electrodeposition methods

Short Range Structural Models of the Glass Transition Temperatures and Densities of 0.5Na₂S + 0.5[xGeS₂ + (1 – x)PS_5/2] Mixed Glass Former Glasses

Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion Systems with Diamond Films

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Batteries and electrochemical capacitors

Abstract: Present and future applications of electrical energy storage devices are stimulating research into innovative new materials and novel architectures.

Cited by 213 publications

References 35 publications

Flexible ruthenium oxide-activated carbon cloth composites prepared by simple electrodeposition methods

Flexible ruthenium oxide-activated carbon cloth composites prepared by simple electrodeposition methods

Short Range Structural Models of the Glass Transition Temperatures and Densities of 0.5Na2S + 0.5[xGeS2 + (1 – x)PS5/2] Mixed Glass Former Glasses

Electrochemical Energy Storage and Energy Conversion Systems with Diamond Films

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Short Range Structural Models of the Glass Transition Temperatures and Densities of 0.5Na₂S + 0.5[xGeS₂ + (1 – x)PS_5/2] Mixed Glass Former Glasses