Battered Immigrant Women and the Police: A Canadian Perspective

Couture-Carron, Amanda; Zaidi, Arshia U.; Ammar, Nawal H.

doi:10.1177/0306624x20986534

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Of the 31 studies selected, 25 did not report a comparison group for insecure immigration status [ 22 , 63 , 64 , 66 – 69 , 70 , 71 , 73 – 77 , 79 , 80 , 83 – 91 ]. Thirteen of the included reports included only female participants [ 63 , 66 , 70 , 72 , 73 , 78 , 80 – 82 , 86 , 87 , 92 , 93 ]. One study was exclusively male [ 76 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of physical violence against people in insecure migration status: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Innes,

Carlisle,

Manzur

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Objectives This study summarised evidence on the prevalence of interpersonal, community and state physical violence against people in insecure migration status. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of primary studies that estimated prevalence of physical violence against a population in insecure migration status. We searched Embase, Social Policy and Practice, Political Science Complete, SocINDEX and Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index for reports published from January 2000 until 31 May 2023. Study quality was assessed using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs assessment tool for cross-sectional studies. Two reviewers carried out screening, data extraction, quality assessment and analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted in Stata 17, using a random effects model and several exploratory subgroup analyses. Results We retrieved 999 reports and included 31 retrospective cross-sectional studies with 25,997 migrants in insecure status. The prevalence estimate of physical violence was 31.16% (95% CI 25.62–36.70, p < .00). There was no statistically significant difference in the estimates for prevalence of violence for men (35.30%, 95% CI 18.45–52.15, p < .00) and for women (27.78%, 95% CI 21.42–34.15, p < .00). The highest point estimate of prevalence of violence was where insecure status was related to employment (44.40%, 95% CI 18.24–70.57, p < .00), although there were no statistically significant difference in the subgroup analysis. The prevalence of violence for people in undocumented status was not significantly different (29.13%, 95% CI 19.86–38.41, p < .00) than that for refugees and asylum seekers (33.29%, 95% CI 20.99–45.59, p < .00). The prevalence of violence in Asia was 56.01% (95% CI 22.47–89.55, p < .00). Europe had the lowest point prevalence estimate (17.98%, 95% CI 7.36–28.61, p < .00), although the difference was not statistically significant. The prevalence estimate during the migration journey was 32.93% (95% CI 24.98–40.88, p < .00). Intimate partner violence attached to insecure status was estimated at 29.10%, (95% CI 8.37–49.84, p = .01), and state violence at 9.19% (95% CI 6.71–11.68, p < .00). Conclusions The prevalence of physical violence is a concern among people in a range of insecure migration statuses. Prevalence of violence is not meaningfully higher for people in undocumented status than for people in other types of insecure status. Review registration PROSPERO (CRD42021268772).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only three studies reported gender as a non-binary category [ 69 , 85 , 91 ]. While Couture-Carron et al [ 92 ] met the inclusion criteria, because experience of violence was part of the inclusion criteria for that study, and all participants were in insecure status, it could not be included in the prevalence estimation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of physical violence against people in insecure migration status: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Innes,

Carlisle,

Manzur

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Such perceptions have vast implications for public health. First, when people are too afraid to call police for help, this increases the risk of victimization and even death [ 58 , 59 ]. Second, when people are unwilling to cooperate with police, this limits crime detection, control, and prevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“It Stays with You for Life”: The Everyday Nature and Impact of Police Violence in Toronto’s Inner-City

Greene

Urbanik

Samuels-Wortley

2022

IJERPH

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In recent years, police violence has amassed notable international attention from the public, practitioners, and academics alike. This paper explores experiences and perceptions of police violence in Canada, documenting the impacts of direct and vicarious experiences of police violence on inner-city residents. The study employed semi-structured interviews with 45 community members across three Toronto inner-city neighbourhoods. Using a general interview prompt guide, participants were asked a range of questions about their experiences with and perceptions of police, and particularly, of police violence in their community. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, thematically coded, and analyzed. All participants reported direct and/or vicarious experiences of police violence, and most described experiencing long-standing, and continual fear that police contact would result in harm to them. Further, participants described a variety of serious and negative outcomes associated with experiencing and/or witnessing police violence. Police violence in Canada is a public health issue that requires an integrated public health policy approach to address the negative outcomes associated with direct and vicarious police violence exposure.

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“…However, the support received from these sources might not be adequate, thereby delaying the separation process or leading victims to return to their ex-partner. For example, survivors’ perceptions of police support can play a role in their decision to stay or leave ( Johnson, 2007 ; Nnawulezi et al, 2021 ; Couture-Carron et al, 2022 ). Moreover, professionals (e.g., psychologists, gynaecologists, and general practitioners) might hold stigmatising attitudes toward DA victims ( Garimella et al, 2000 ; Peltzer et al, 2003 ; Baraldi et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualising the separation from an abusive partner as a multifactorial, non-linear, dynamic process: A parallel with Newton’s laws of motion

2022

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The present study focused on the dynamics and factors underpinning domestic abuse (DA) survivors’ decisions to end the abusive relationship. The experiences and opinions of 12 female DA survivors and 18 support workers were examined through in-depth, one-to-one, semi-structured interviews. Hybrid thematic analysis was conducted to retrieve semantic themes and explore relationships among the themes identified and the differences in survivors’ and professionals’ narratives of the separation process. The findings highlighted that separation decisions derived from the joint action of two sets of factors, the “promoters” and the “accelerators.” Whilst the “promoters” are factors leading to the separation from the abuser over time, the “accelerators” bear a stronger and more direct connection with survivors’ decision to end the abusive relationship. Despite their differences, both these factors acted as propelling forces, leading survivors to actively pursue the separation from the perpetrator. To portray the dynamic links among these factors, we propose a conceptualisation drawn from Newton’s laws of motion. Our findings also highlighted important differences in the views of survivors and support workers, as the former conceived themselves as proactive in ending the abuse, whereas the latter described the leaving process as mainly led by authorities and services supporting survivors. This study has potential implications for research, policy and clinical practice, as it suggests that far from being a linear sequence of multiple stages, leaving an abusive relationship results from a complex interplay of factors that facilitate (“promoters”) or drastically accelerate (“accelerators”) the separation process. We argue that future research should aim at improving our current understanding of the subjective and situational factors that can act as “accelerators” or “promoters” for women’s leaving decisions. Moreover, clinicians and policymakers should invest in creating interventions that aid victims to recognise and leverage promoters and accelerators, thus increasing their readiness to end the abuse.

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Battered Immigrant Women and the Police: A Canadian Perspective

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Prevalence of physical violence against people in insecure migration status: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of physical violence against people in insecure migration status: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“It Stays with You for Life”: The Everyday Nature and Impact of Police Violence in Toronto’s Inner-City

Conceptualising the separation from an abusive partner as a multifactorial, non-linear, dynamic process: A parallel with Newton’s laws of motion

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