Bats Sonar Calls and its Application in Sonar Systems

Gudra, Tadeusz; Furmankiewicz, Joanna; Herman, Krzysztof

doi:10.5772/23199

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…in recordings from foraging areas feeding buzzes were not included in the analysis. Feeding buzzes were distinguished as a sequence of pulses towards the end of a train of pulses where the bat increased its duty cycle to around 90% [ 49 ]. We also analysed passes where only one individual was recorded flying in the area covered by the microphone array.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection distances in desert dwelling, high duty cycle echolocators: A test of the foraging habitat hypothesis

2022

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High Duty Cycle (HDC) echolocating bats use high frequency echolocation pulses that are clutter resistant, but their high frequencies give them limited range. Despite their unique ability to reject background clutter while simultaneously detecting fluttering prey, the frequency of their echolocation pulses has a strong correlation with level of environmental clutter, lower frequency pulses of HDC bats being associated with more open environments. The Foraging Habitat Hypothesis (FHH) proposes that the ecological significance of these lower frequency pulses in HDC bats in open environments is that they allow longer prey detection distances. To test the FHH, we compared the frequencies, Source Levels (SLs) and detection distances of Rhinolophus capensis, a HDC bat that has been shown to vary its call frequency in relation to habitat structure. As a further test of the FHH we investigated the SLs and detection distances of Rhinolophus damarensis (a heterospecific species that occurs in the same open desert environment as R. capensis but echolocates at a higher dominant pulse frequency). In the open desert, R. capensis emitted both lower frequency and higher SL pulses giving them longer detection distances than R. capensis in the cluttered fynbos. SL contributed more to differences in detection distances in both R. capensis and R. damarensis than frequency. In a few instances, R. damarensis achieved similar detection distances to desert–inhabiting R. capensis by emitting much higher SLs despite their average SLs being lower. These results suggest that lower frequency echolocation pulses are not a prerequisite for open desert living but may increase detection distance while avoiding energetic costs required for high SLs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection distances in desert dwelling, high duty cycle echolocators: A test of the foraging habitat hypothesis

2022

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“…Echolocation is listening for reflected sound waves from objects. The sounds generated are used to determine the position, size, structure and texture of the object [23]. While the process is similar to the echo humans hear, the term echolocation is mostly used for a select group of mammals that employ it on a regular basis [24] for environmental perception, spatial orientation and hunting [22], [25].…”

Section: A Perception and Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cognitive Framework for Object Recognition with Application to Autonomous Vehicles

Roche

Silva

Kondoz

2018

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

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Autonomous vehicles or self-driving cars are capable of sensing the surrounding environment so they can navigate roads without human input. Decisions are constantly made on sensing, mapping and driving policy using machine learning techniques. Deep Learningmassive neural networks that utilize the power of parallel processinghas become a popular choice for addressing the complexities of real time decision making. This method of machine learning has been shown to outperform alternative solutions in multiple domains, and has an architecture that can be adapted to new problems with relative ease. To harness the power of Deep Learning, it is necessary to have large amounts of training data that are representative of all possible situations the system will face. To successfully implement situational awareness in driverless vehicles, it is not possible to exhaust all possible training examples. An alternative method is to apply cognitive approaches to perception, for situations the autonomous vehicles will face. Cognitive approaches to perception work by mimicking the process of human intelligencethereby permitting a machine to react to situations it has not previously experienced. This paper proposes a novel cognitive approach for object recognition. The proposed cognitive object recognition algorithm, referred to as Recognition by Components, is inspired by the psychological studies pertaining to early childhood development. The algorithm works by breaking down images into a series of primitive forms such as square, triangle, circle or rectangle and memory based aggregation to identify objects. Experimental results suggest that Recognition by Component algorithm performs significantly better than algorithms that require large amounts of training data.

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“…Biological studies and observations on the behaviour of animals which use sonar, for example, bats, show different strategies of using the sonar (or calls, defined by specific time‐frequency patterns), depending on environment and the desired task (navigation, hunting, stage of hunting, target type etc. ), as it is described in [46–48] or [49]. It seems a good option for mobile robots, which use ultrasonic images, to mimic the behaviour of bats in exploration, to use high density of scanning in places, where there are obstacles (or – at biological level – food, insects) and a small number of search directions in free spaces.…”

Section: Optimisation Of the Generation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne ultrasonic image generation with biomimetic sonar head

Aiordăchioaie

Frangu

Epure

2013

IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation

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This work presents the results of airborne ultrasonic image generation based on biomimetic sonar heads. Ultrasonic images refer to the representation of the environment with the help of ultrasonic waves and based on sonar principle. The generation of ultrasonic images is based on the classical methodology of the sonar, having target detection and classification purposes as main applications. An element of the image (which could be assimilated as pixel) has the intensity proportional to signals reflected by the surface of objects in the explored environment. Sonar heads with biomimetic functional behaviour (i.e. having one emitter and two receivers) were built. The key motivation in deploying such sonar heads is efficiency, that is, simplicity combined with acceptable performances based on ultrasonic image processing. Simplicity is related to modularity and portable structure, in the sense of computer's portability. Biomimetism has a double meaning, by the structure of the sonar head and by the nature of the exploring algorithms (which use observations on bat behaviour). This work considers airborne ultrasonic images at distances less than one metre and with fixed working frequency (40 kHz). The preliminary results show the feasibility of the approach and consolidate a research direction focused on navigation based on airborne ultrasonic image processing.

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Bats Sonar Calls and its Application in Sonar Systems

Cited by 4 publications

References 64 publications

Detection distances in desert dwelling, high duty cycle echolocators: A test of the foraging habitat hypothesis

Detection distances in desert dwelling, high duty cycle echolocators: A test of the foraging habitat hypothesis

A Cognitive Framework for Object Recognition with Application to Autonomous Vehicles

Airborne ultrasonic image generation with biomimetic sonar head

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