Batik Effluent Treatment and Decolorization—A Review

Abstract

Batik is a piece of woven cloth decorated with beautiful patterns and designs and has become a signature product of the Malay Archipelago, including Malaysia and Indonesia. Batik industry consumes a large volume of water and produces a large amount of wastewater during the boiling process and dyeing process, both for hand-drawn (batik lukis) and block-printed (batik cap) batik. The release of colored effluents that contain a large number of dyes and chemicals can harm the environment and become a human health concern, particularly in south east Asian countries. Therefore, treatments of batik effluent are very crucial and have caught a lot of attention from researchers. The color removal is a major challenge, especially from this industry, as up until now there is no single and cost-effective treatment that can effectively decolorize as well as treat the dye effluent. Since batik is part of the textile industry, most treatment methods have been adapted from textile effluent treatment. Here, we review a variety of textile wastewater treatment techniques to make a good consideration of selecting the most appropriate method to be applied in batik wastewater. First, we briefly review the batik process, including the potential dyes that are mostly used in batik processing. Secondly, we describe all possible techniques and their performance to reduce dye concentration and decolorization. Finally, we review all advantages and disadvantages of these techniques for domestic and industrial applications.

The Potential of Ozone/UV System in The Treatment of Batik Wastewater in Indonesia

“…Various treatment technologies have been studied and developed to remove organic and inorganic contaminants in Batik wastewater, as shown in the review study conducted by Zakaria et al [4]. These technologies include filtration methods such as membrane filtration using different membrane pore sizes (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis), chemical coagulationflocculation method using chemical additives to create larger solid particles in water that are easier to remove, adsorption method that utilizes solid adsorbent affinity to pollutant molecules to attract them to its surface, advanced oxidation processes such as fenton reaction using combination of iron ions and hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide to create a strong oxidation reaction or ozonation that utilizes ozone as a strong oxidant to degrade organic pollutants in the wastewater, biological method using aerobic or anaerobic microorganisms that can degrade and consume organic pollutants converting them into sludge rich in biomass (aerobic) or into biogas (anaerobic), and electrical-assisted chemical processes that use plasma or electrical discharge as the energy source to induce chemical reactions that lead to pollutant degradation in wastewater.…”

Highly Efficient Biosorption of Cationic Dyes via Biopolymeric Adsorbent-Material-Based Pectin Extract Polysaccharide and Carrageenan Grafted to Cellulosic Nonwoven Textile

“…Different techniques have been proposed in this regard. The various biological treatments, filtration combined with coagulation, precipitation, coagulation/flocculation, ozonation, reverse osmosis, adsorption, ion exchange, and advanced electrochemical oxidation processes have been investigated for the treatment of textile dye discharges [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. These technologies have revealed deficiencies and limitations given their high investment and operating costs.…”

Aplikasi Kitosan dari Litopenaeus vannamei dan Limbah Baglog dari Pleurotus ostreatus untuk Mendekolorisasi Limbah Cair Batik

“…Adsorption is widely favored in physicochemical wastewater treatment due to its safety, lack of adverse health effects, simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and recyclability. This method effectively eliminates colorants from the waste stream, making it a reliable choice for addressing this environmental concern (Zakaria et al, 2023).…”