Batch synthesis of galactooligosaccharides from co-products of milk processing using immobilized β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans

Hackenhaar, Camila Regina; Spolidoro, Luiza Strapasson; Flores, Elí Emanuel Esparza; Klein, Manuela Poletto; Hertz, Plinho Francisco

doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102136

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…In another study, Hackenhaar et al utilized whey permeate, a dairy industry by-product, for GOS production using a commercial β-glucosidase enzyme from Kluyveromyces lactis. This process resulted in an 89.27% lactose conversion rate and a GOS yield of 25 g per 100 g of lactose, with a specific productivity of 51 g of GOS per gram of enzyme per h, showcasing the process's high efficiency [79].…”

Section: Production Of Galactooligosaccharides (Gos) Using Lignocellu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing Renewable Resources: Cutting-Edge Trends and Future Prospects in the Valorization of Oligosaccharides

Chelliah,

Kim,

Park

et al. 2024

Fermentation

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Lignocellulosic wastes, primarily from agricultural by-products, are a renewable resource increasingly used in the sustainable production of oligosaccharides, significantly contributing to the growing bioeconomy. This innovative utilization of biological resources aligns with the global shift towards sustainable development, focusing on creating products such as food, feed, and bioenergy from renewable sources. Oligosaccharides, specialized carbohydrates, are synthesized either chemically or more eco-friendly, biologically. Biological synthesis often involves enzymes or whole-cell systems to transform lignocellulosic wastes into these valuable sugars. As functional food supplements, oligosaccharides play a crucial role in human and animal health. They serve as prebiotics, indigestible components that promote the proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota, especially within the colon. This positive impact on gut flora is essential for boosting the immune system and regulating physiological functions. Important prebiotics, including galactooligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), and isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOS), are produced through methods involving enzymes or the use of whole cells, with agricultural waste as substrates. Recent advancements focus on refining these biological processes for oligosaccharide synthesis using lignocellulosic substrates, emphasizing the principles of a circular bioeconomy, which promotes resource reuse and recycling. This review highlights the potential and challenges in the biological synthesis of oligosaccharides from renewable resources. It underscores the need for innovation in process optimization and commercialization strategies to fully exploit lignocellulosic wastes. This approach not only contributes to sustainable product development, but also opens new avenues for the profitable and environmentally friendly utilization of agricultural residues, marking a significant step forward in the bio-based industry.

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Section: Production Of Galactooligosaccharides (Gos) Using Lignocellu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing Renewable Resources: Cutting-Edge Trends and Future Prospects in the Valorization of Oligosaccharides

Chelliah,

Kim,

Park

et al. 2024

Fermentation

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“…The enzymes break down the lactose into glucose and galactose while leaving the proteins intact. Studies describing WPC production via hydrolysis using immobilised lactase and β-galactosidase have been reported [68,69,99]. After the hydrolysis, the solid supports with the immobilised enzymes are separated from the liquid phase via centrifugation.…”

Section: Whey Protein Concentratementioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Immobilised Enzymes for Lipid and Dairy Processing and Their Waste Products: A Review of Current Progress

Alzahrani,

Akanbi,

Scarlett

et al. 2024

Processes

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The use of edible oils and fats in dairy products is becoming increasingly important in the food industry because of their complementary functional properties. Most of these products are produced using food-grade enzymes as processing aids because processes involving enzymes are considered mild and environmentally friendly for regulatory purposes. The poor stability and recovery of enzymes in their native state limit their performance, and to enhance their activity, stability, and reusability, enzymes are often immobilised—a process that involves attaching them to a solid support. Additionally, immobilisation enables enzymes to selectively target specific substrates or products, making them highly efficient. These features have led to the increased use of immobilised enzymes in dairy and lipid processing and enzymes have been used to produce a broad range of products such as whey protein concentrates and isolates, peptide–lipid conjugates, lipid concentrates, structured lipids, and human milk fat substitutes. Therefore, this article reviews the current progress on different enzyme preparations and their use in lipid and dairy processing. It also summarises opportunities in enzyme-catalysed valorisation of dairy and lipid waste streams with the ultimate goals of sustainable food production and reductions in waste.

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“…The increase in K M contributes to diffusion limitation but that is brought to a minimum using monolithic supports for immobilization [23,25]. On the other hand, k cat is about 10 times lower for the immobilized enzyme than for the free one, which can be explained by a lower conversion rate of enzymesubstrate-complex into product [19]. Accordingly, it results in a reduced specific activity of the immobilized enzyme compared to the free enzyme.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Immobilized Enzyme Ptfrs and Kinetic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more widespread application to synthesize GOS in batch processes is the immobilization of β-gal on beads, such as Sepabeads ® [15], Eupergit ® [16,17], Purolite ® [18] and others. Chitosan beads were used as support material for immobilization of β-gal from B. circulans [19] as well as from K. lactis [20] in batch processes or packed-bed reactors, both revealing a shift in the pH and temperature optima of the enzymes compared to a free enzyme system. Warmerdam et al [17] immobilized β-gal from B. circulans on Eupergit ® beads in a packed bed reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential and Scale-Up of Pore-Through-Flow Membrane Reactors for the Production of Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides with Immobilized β-Galactosidase

2021

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The production of prebiotics like galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on industrial scale is becoming more important due to increased demand. GOS are synthesized in batch reactors from bovine lactose using the cost intensive enzyme β-galactosidase (β-gal). Thus, the development of sustainable and more efficient production strategies, like enzyme immobilization in membrane reactors are a promising option. Activated methacrylatic monoliths were characterized as support for covalent immobilized β-gal to produce GOS. The macroporous monoliths act as immobilized pore-through-flow membrane reactors (PTFR) and reduce the influence of mass-transfer limitations by a dominating convective pore flow. Monolithic designs in the form of disks (0.34 mL) and for scale-up cylindric columns (1, 8 and 80 mL) in three different reactor operation configurations (semi-continuous, continuous and continuous with recirculation) were studied experimentally and compared to the free enzyme system. Kinetic data, immobilization efficiency, space-time-yield and long-term stability were determined for the immobilized enzyme. Furthermore, simulation studies were conducted to identify optimal operation conditions for further scale-up. Thus, the GOS yield could be increased by up to 60% in the immobilized PTFRs in semi-continuous operation compared to the free enzyme system. The enzyme activity and long-time stability was studied for more than nine months of intensive use.

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Batch synthesis of galactooligosaccharides from co-products of milk processing using immobilized β-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans

Cited by 19 publications

References 72 publications

Revolutionizing Renewable Resources: Cutting-Edge Trends and Future Prospects in the Valorization of Oligosaccharides

Revolutionizing Renewable Resources: Cutting-Edge Trends and Future Prospects in the Valorization of Oligosaccharides

The Use of Immobilised Enzymes for Lipid and Dairy Processing and Their Waste Products: A Review of Current Progress

Potential and Scale-Up of Pore-Through-Flow Membrane Reactors for the Production of Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides with Immobilized β-Galactosidase

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