Batch Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Stabilized by a Hydrophilic Macro‐RAFT Agent

Abstract

Summary: A well‐defined homopolymer of 2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate has been synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using (4‐cyanopentanoic acid)‐4‐dithiobenzoate as a chain transfer agent. The corresponding protonated homopolymer with a very reactive dithiobenzoate end group has been used as a water‐soluble macromolecular chain transfer agent in the batch emulsion polymerization of styrene without any surfactant. The reaction leads to a stable latex, as a result of the in‐situ formation of an amphiphilic block copolymer stabilizer, via transfer reaction to the dithioester functions during the nucleation step. The work does not intend to apply controlled free‐radical polymerization in an aqueous dispersed system but takes advantage of the RAFT technique to create a well‐defined polyelectrolyte, with a high chain‐end reactivity.

Effect of stirring rate on particle formation in emulsifier-free, organotellurium-mediated living radical emulsion polymerization (emulsion TERP) of styrene

“…[18][19][20] As a solution of the problem, Hawkett and coworkers recently proposed an emulsifier-free reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization method utilizing self-assembly. 21,22 Following this proposal, nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization [23][24][25][26][27][28] and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] in emulsion polymerization systems have been successfully studied.…”

Polymeric Nanoparticles Preparation Techniques and Applications for Drug Delivery System- A Brief Review.

“…[77] Among the available controlled/living radical polymerization methods successful and extensively studied methods are 1) nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) [78][79][80][81] , 2) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) [82][83][84][85][86] and 3) reversible addition and fragmentation transfer chain polymerization (RAFT). [87][88][89][90][91] Ionic gelation or coacervation of hydrophilic polymers Polymeric nanoparticles are prepared by using biodegradable hydrophilic polymers such as chitosan, gelatin and sodium alginate. The method involves a mixture of two aqueous phases, of which one is the polymer chitosan, a di-block co-polymer ethylene oxide or propylene oxide (PEO-PPO) and the other is a poly anion sodium tripolyphosphate.…”

Recent Research Progress in the Synthesis and Properties of Amphiphilic Block Co-polymers and Their Applications in Emulsion Polymerization

“…Manguian et al [45] used a hydrophilic macro-RAFT agent to form a poly(DEAEMA/H + Cl − )-block-polystyrene stabilizer in situ (Scheme 11). In a similar way, dos Santos et al [46] used PEO-b-P(DMAEMA/H + Cl − )-RAFT as precursors of stabilizers to produce a polystyrene latex which is stable for months under alkaline conditions and also against freeze-thaw cycles.…”

“…Garnier et al [8] demonstrated that the Scheme 11. Synthetic outline of poly(DEAEMA/H + Cl − )-block-polystyrene stabilizer [45].…”