Bat-transmitted Human Rabies Outbreaks, Brazilian Amazon

Rosa, Elizabeth Salbé Travassos da; Kotait, Ivanete; Barbosa, Taciana Fernandes Souza; Carrieri, Maria Luíza; Brandão, Paulo Eduardo; Pinheiro, Amiraldo S.; Begot, Alberto L.; Wada, Marcelo Yoshito; Oliveira, Rosely Cerqueira de; Grisard, Edmundo Carlos; Ferreira, Márcia de Assunção; Lima, Reynaldo José da Silva; Montebello, Lúcia; Medeiros, Daniele B. A.; Sousa, Rita Catarina Medeiros; Bensabath, Gilberta; Carmo, Eduardo Hage; Vasconcelos, Pedro F.C.

doi:10.3201/1208.050929

Cited by 39 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In Latin America, the haematophagous bat Desmodus rotundus is the major responsible for the aerial cycle with important role in the transmission of the disease to livestock animals 8 as well as the critical source of infection to human rabies [9][10][11] . Aggression by Desmodus rotundus is currently the main cause of human rabies in Brazil, and a great number of rabies cases on nonhaematophagous bat species have been diagnosed, although with no human cases 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-haematophagous bats in Brazil

Albas

Campos

Araújo

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction:Rabies is an important zoonosis that causes thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Although the terrestrial cycle, mainly transmitted by dogs, is controlled in Brazil, the aerial cycle remains a serious public health issue, besides the economic problem. In the aerial cycle, the haematophagous bat Desmodus rotundus is the main source of infection, where several different species of non-haematophagous bats can be infected and can transmit the virus. Methods: The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological pattern of rabies using antigenic characterization with monoclonal antibodies and genetic characterization by reversetranscriptase polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of non-haematophagous bats' and herbivorous animals' central nervous system samples from the western region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Results: From 27 samples, 3 antigenic variants were identified: AgV-3, AgV-4, and AgV-6; and from 29 samples, 5 different clusters were identified, all belonging to the rabies virus species. Conclusions: Although only nonhaematophagous bats were evaluated in the studied region, the majority of samples were from antigenic and genetic variants related to haematophagous bats Desmodus rotundus. Samples from the same antigenic variant were segregated in more than one genetic cluster. This study demonstrated the diversity of rabies virus genetic lineages presented and circulating in nonhaematophagous bats in the studied region.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-haematophagous bats in Brazil

Albas

Campos

Araújo

et al. 2011

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Brazil, the principal RV transmitters to humans and domestic animals -dogs and vampire batshave caused serious problems in the public health sector and the livestock industry [6,19]. In addition, RVs have been isolated from other animal species [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Phosphoprotein and Matrix Protein of Rabies Viruses Isolated in Brazil

Kobayashi

Okuda

Nakamura

et al. 2007

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. To investigate the genetic characteristics of phosphoprotein (P) and matrix protein (M) genes of variable rabies virus (RV) prevalent in Brazil, the authors genetically characterized the P and M genes from 30 Brazilian RV field isolates. Phylogenetic analysis based on the P and M genes revealed the presence of six RV variants that consisted primarily of three insectivorous bats, the vampire bat, dog and fox in Brazil. Specific amino acid substitutions corresponding to these phylogenetic lineages were observed, with Asp 42 and Glu 62 in the P protein found to be characteristic of Brazilian chiroptera-and carnivora-related RVs, respectively. Amino acid sequence motifs predicted to associate with a viral function in the P and M proteins were conserved among Brazilian RV variants. KEY WORDS: Brazil, genetic analysis, matrix protein, phosphoprotein, rabies virus.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 69(11): 1145-1154 Rabies virus (RV) is a member of the Lyssavirus genus, which belongs to the Rhabdoviridae family. Lyssavirus is characterized as having seven genotypes (GTs) comprising, rabies virus (GT 1), Lagos bat virus (GT 2), Mokola virus (GT 3), Duvenhage virus (GT 4), European bat lyssavirus type (EBL) 1 (GT 5), EBL 2 (GT 6) and Australian bat lyssavirus (GT 7). Lyssaviruses have approximately 12-kb of unsegmented negative-stranded genomic RNA for encoding the genes of the nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), glycoprotein (G) and polymerase (L).RV has an almost global distribution and infects a wide range of mammalian species in which it causes a lethal form of encephalopathy. In Brazil, the principal RV transmitters to humans and domestic animals -dogs and vampire batshave caused serious problems in the public health sector and the livestock industry [6,19]. In addition, RVs have been isolated from other animal species [8]. Previously, phylogenetic analyses targeting the N and G genes revealed that there were several RV variants which varied depending on the host species, which included vampire bats, insectivorous bats, dogs and foxes. Furthermore, RV isolates from cattle and frugivorous bats (Artibeus (A.) sp.) have frequently been typed as vampire bat-related RVs in Brazil [19,25,26,41,42,44,45]. Variability has also been reported in the G protein, a major contributor to the pathogenicity of the virus, in which several amino acid substitutions at antigenic sites associated with the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of the virus have been identified in Brazilian RV variants [41]. However, differences in the pathogenicity and antigenic characteristics of these Brazilian RV variants are not yet known. Recently, in addition to the G protein, both P and M proteins have also been reported to be associated with the pathogenicity of the virus [43]. The P protein forms a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) with N and L proteins, which then wraps around the viral RNA, and plays an important role in transcription and replication in conjunction with the L protein [3,5,11]. In addition, the P protein acts to counteract the ...

show abstract

“…This form of vaccination could also be advantageous in domestic animal vaccination campaigns for its less stressing application than the potential route. It could also be interesting for Latin American countries, where bat bite cases have been reported in wild and domestic animals [12] and also in humans [11]. It is a fact that rabies virus aerial cycle strains infect terrestrial animals, as previously mentioned in the Quintana Roo, Mexico case, in 2006 [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intradermal DNA vaccination in ear pinnae is an efficient route to protect cats against rabies virus

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-A DNA vaccine against rabies (pGQH) was administrated to cats in order to examine different administration routes. Four groups of three cats each were inoculated with pGQH as follows: group A, intramuscularly (IM), 100 µg; group B, intranasally (IN), 100 µg; group C, intradermally into ear pinnae (ID-EP), 100 µg, and group D, IM, 200 µL of phosphate buffer solution (PBS) alone (control group). Blood was drawn on days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180. Groups A, B, and C received a booster on day 30. At day 200 all animals were challenged. A passive transfer of cat sera, as well as a viral challenge, was performed in mice. The results displayed that neutralizing antibody titers were higher in cats of group C (ID-EP) showing high early titers (> 2 IU) and the highest titer was on day 120 (> 14 IU). In group B (IN), two out of three cats seroconverted on day 30 (> 0.5 IU), the third cat seroconverted until day 60 (> 0.5 IU). In contrast, the lowest levels of neutralizing antibodies were detected in group A (IM). The control group showed no anti-rabies antibodies. Groups A (IM) and D (control) succumbed after lethal challenge. All animals from the ID-EP group (C) survived, only one individual from the IN (B) group died. Mice that received cat sera from ID-EP, IM, and IN groups survived and were protected (30/30 survivors). Mice groups that received pre-immunization sera from cats were not protected (0/30 survivors). This study demonstrates that pGQH immunization was successful when it was administrated ID-EP, and acceptable through the IN route. The IM route, however, was not effective in cats. For vaccination, the IN route seems attractive due to its accessibility for application, but it seems to activate seroconversion slowly. The best route to promote anti-rabies antibody titers was the ID-EP route. This practical and efficient route should be further studied.rabies / DNA vaccine / intradermal into ear pinna / intranasal / cats

show abstract

Bat-transmitted Human Rabies Outbreaks, Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-haematophagous bats in Brazil

Molecular characterization of rabies virus isolated from non-haematophagous bats in Brazil

Genetic Analysis of Phosphoprotein and Matrix Protein of Rabies Viruses Isolated in Brazil

Intradermal DNA vaccination in ear pinnae is an efficient route to protect cats against rabies virus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About