Bat Coronaviruses

Ge, Xing‐Yi; and, Ben Hu; Z, Shi

doi:10.1002/9781118818824.ch5

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Whether astroviruses (AstVs) and coronaviruses (CoVs) cause acute or chronic infection in bats is still unclear (Chu et al 2006(Chu et al , 2008(Chu et al , 2009Dominguez et al 2007;Shi 2010;Tang et al 2006), and previous studies have reported no apparent clinical signs of disease in AstVor CoV-infected bats (Dominguez et al 2007;Poon et al 2005;Queen et al 2015;Tang et al 2006;Xiao et al 2011). CoVs are an important cause of diseases in humans and other animals and have been found in more than 100 bat species in America, Africa, Europe, Australia and Asia (Woo et al 2009;Ge et al 2015). Bats carry CoVs related to those causing severe diseases in humans, e.g., SARS-CoV (Li et al 2005) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bats carry CoVs related to those causing severe diseases in humans, e.g., SARS-CoV (Li et al 2005) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV . Studies on coronavirus ecology are particularly interesting because the transmission of CoVs between animals, including humans, is expected to continue (Ge et al 2015). Although AstVs are not known to cause EIDs, they are a suitable model to understand the ecology of RNA viruses because they have typically high prevalence rates in bat populations (Chu et al 2008;Queen et al 2015;Young and Olival 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Fluctuations of Astrovirus, But Not Coronavirus Shedding in Bats Inhabiting Human-Modified Tropical Forests

et al. 2017

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Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are considered a major threat to global health. Most EIDs appear to result from increased contact between wildlife and humans, especially when humans encroach into formerly pristine habitats. Habitat deterioration may also negatively affect the physiology and health of wildlife species, which may eventually lead to a higher susceptibility to infectious agents and/or increased shedding of the pathogens causing EIDs. Bats are known to host viruses closely related to important EIDs. Here, we tested in a paleotropical forest with ongoing logging and fragmentation, whether habitat disturbance influences the occurrence of astro- and coronaviruses in eight bat species. In contrast to our hypothesis, anthropogenic habitat disturbance was not associated with corona- and astrovirus detection rates in fecal samples. However, we found that bats infected with either astro- or coronaviruses were likely to be coinfected with the respective other virus. Additionally, we identified two more risk factors influencing astrovirus shedding. First, the detection rate of astroviruses was higher at the beginning of the rainy compared to the dry season. Second, there was a trend that individuals with a poor body condition had a higher probability of shedding astroviruses in their feces. The identification of risk factors for increased viral shedding that may potentially result in increased interspecies transmission is important to prevent viral spillovers from bats to other animals, including humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Fluctuations of Astrovirus, But Not Coronavirus Shedding in Bats Inhabiting Human-Modified Tropical Forests

et al. 2017

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“…HCoVs have been appeared periodically in different places around the world and linked with major outbreaks of human fatal pneumonia since the beginning of the 21st century ( Wu et al, 2020 ). First CoV outbreak as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) initiated in November 2002 at Foshan, China ( Ge et al, 2015 ) and later turned into global infection in 2003 with a lethal rate of 10% worldwide ( Lee et al, 2003 ). Following one decade, second HCoV pandemic was caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), originated in June 2012 at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ( Ge et al, 2015 ), with a global fatality rate of 35% ( de Groot et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From SARS to SARS-CoV-2, insights on structure, pathogenicity and immunity aspects of pandemic human coronaviruses

Kirtipal¹,

Bharadwaj

Kang

2020

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

208

218

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Human Coronaviruses (HCoV), periodically emerging across the world, are potential threat to humans such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) – diseases termed as COVID-19. Current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak have fueled ongoing efforts to exploit various viral target proteins for therapy, but strategies aimed at blocking the viral proteins as in drug and vaccine development have largely failed. In fact, evidence has now shown that coronaviruses undergoes rapid recombination to generate new strains of altered virulence; additionally, escaped the host antiviral defense system and target humoral immune system which further results in severe deterioration of the body such as by cytokine storm. This demands the understanding of phenotypic and genotypic classification, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 for the production of potential therapy. In lack of clear clinical evidences for the pathogenesis of COVID-19, comparative analysis of previous pandemic HCoVs associated immunological responses can provide insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the possible origin and transmission mode of CoVs and the current understanding on the viral genome integrity of known pandemic virus against SARS-CoV-2. We also consider the host immune response and viral evasion based on available clinical evidences which would be helpful to remodel COVID-19 pathogenesis; and hence, development of therapeutics against broad spectrum of coronaviruses.

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“…Despite the seemingly high activation of the bat's innate immune system, viruses have been isolated from naturally infected wild caught bats and spillover of viruses from bats to other susceptible species on an ongoing basis 3,4,[36][37][38] . Thus, viruses appear to be constantly circulating in bat populations at some level, either as a consequence of ongoing infections of naïve individuals, through oscillating herd immunity or though episodic shedding from persistently infected individuals 39 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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The interplay between viruses and the immune system of bats

Leech

Baker

2017

Microbiol. Aust.

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Bats are an abundant and diverse group of mammals with an array of unique characteristics, including their wellknown roles as natural reservoirs for a variety of viruses.These include the deadly zoonotic paramyxoviruses; Hendra (HeV) and Nipah (NiV) 1,2 , lyssaviruses 3 , coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 4 and filoviruses such as Marburg 5 . Although these viruses are highly pathogenic in other species, including humans, bats rarely show clinical signs of disease whilst maintaining the ability to transmit virus to susceptible vertebrate hosts. In addition, bats are capable of clearing experimental infections with henipaviruses, filoviruses and lyssaviruses at doses of infection that are lethal in other mammals [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] .Curiously, the ability of bats to tolerate viral infections does not appear to extend to extracellular pathogens such as bacteria, fungi and parasites 13 . Over the past few years, considerable headway has been made into elucidating the mechanisms responsible for the ability of bats to control viral replication, with evidence for unique differences in the innate immune responses of bats [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . However, many Clearly, much remains to be learned about the unique innate immune response of bats.

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Bat Coronaviruses

Cited by 8 publications

References 140 publications

Seasonal Fluctuations of Astrovirus, But Not Coronavirus Shedding in Bats Inhabiting Human-Modified Tropical Forests

Seasonal Fluctuations of Astrovirus, But Not Coronavirus Shedding in Bats Inhabiting Human-Modified Tropical Forests

From SARS to SARS-CoV-2, insights on structure, pathogenicity and immunity aspects of pandemic human coronaviruses

The interplay between viruses and the immune system of bats

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