BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey – XIII. The nature of the most luminous obscured AGN in the low-redshift universe

Bär, Rudolf E.; Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Oh, Kyuseok; Koss, Michael; Wong, O. I.; Ricci, Cláudio; Schawinski, Kevin; Weigel, Anna K.; Sartori, Lia F.; Ichikawa, Kohei; Secrest, Nathan J.; Stern, Daniel; Pacucci, Fabio; Mushotzky, R. F.; Powell, Meredith C.; Ricci, F.; Sani, E.; Smith, Krista Lynne; Harrison, Fiona A.; Lamperti, Isabella; Urry, C. Megan

doi:10.1093/mnras/stz2309

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 217 publications

(323 reference statements)

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“…As far as IGR J16058-7253 is concerned, we were able to assess, thanks to NuSTAR observations, that the hard X-ray emission detected by both INTEGRAL/IBIS and Swift/BAT is not coming from just one of the two counterparts, but rather the high energy detections are the contribution of both AGN. This implies that IGR J16058-7253, or rather one of its counterparts LEDA 259433, cannot be considered as an ultra-luminous AGN, as suggested by Bär et al (2019). We were able to estimate spectral parameters for both AGN and, using the black hole mass considered by Bär et al (2019) for LEDA 259433, we also calculated its bolometric and Eddington luminosities, which are well in agreement with the expected values for type 2 AGN, confirming our hypothesis that this source does not belong to the class of ultra-luminous active galaxies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This implies that IGR J16058-7253, or rather one of its counterparts LEDA 259433, cannot be considered as an ultra-luminous AGN, as suggested by Bär et al (2019). We were able to estimate spectral parameters for both AGN and, using the black hole mass considered by Bär et al (2019) for LEDA 259433, we also calculated its bolometric and Eddington luminosities, which are well in agreement with the expected values for type 2 AGN, confirming our hypothesis that this source does not belong to the class of ultra-luminous active galaxies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these reasons, we believe that is not possible to disentangle the hard X-ray emission from the two sources neither with INTE-GRAL, nor with BAT. Consequently it is not possible to attribute the measured flux to a single source based on either INTEGRAL or BAT measurements and therefore the estimate of the bolometric and Eddington luminosities for IGR J16058-7253 given by Bär et al (2019) and based solely on the BAT flux is not correct.…”

Section: X-ray Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…gov/results/bs157mon/) the likely counterpart of IGR J16058-7253 was identified as the Seyfert 2 galaxy LEDA 259433. In a subsequent work byBär et al 2019, IGR J16058-7253 is classified as an ultra-luminous AGN, characterised by both high bolometric (LogL bol =45.61 erg s −1 ) and high hard X-ray (LogL 14−195 =44.71 erg s −1 ) luminosities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BH masses inBär et al (2019) were derived from the measured velocity dispersions of the Ca H, K and Mg I stellar absorption features, and the employing the relation log(M BH /M )=4.38×log(σ * /200 km s −1 )+8.49 found inKormendy & Ho (2013).MNRAS 000, 1-11 (2021)…”

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confidence: 99%

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Investigating the true nature of three hard X-ray sources

Molina

Malizia

Masetti

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Many of the new high energy sources discovered both by INTEGRAL/IBIS and Swift/BAT have been characterized thanks to extensive, multiband follow-up campaigns, but there are still objects whose nature remains to be asserted. In this paper, we investigate the true nature of three high energy sources, IGR J12134−6015, IGR J16058−7253, and Swift J2037.2+4151, employing multiwavelength data from the near-infrared to the X-rays. Through Gaia and ESO-VLT measurements and through Swift/XRT X-ray spectral analysis, we re-evaluate the classification for IGR J12134−6015, arguing that the source is a Galactic object and in particular a cataclysmic variable. We were able to confirm, thanks toNuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array(NuSTAR) observations, that the hard X-ray emission detected by INTEGRAL/IBIS and Swift/BAT from IGR J16058−7253 is coming from two Seyfert 2 galaxies which are both counterparts for this source. Through optical and X-ray spectral analysis of SwiftJ2037.2+4151 we find that this source is likely part of the rare and peculiar class of symbiotic X-ray binaries and displays flux and spectral variability as well as interesting spectral features, such as a blending of several emission lines around the iron line complex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: X-ray Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the true nature of three hard X-ray sources

Molina

Malizia

Masetti

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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A multifrequency characterization of the extragalactic hard X-ray sky

Kosiba

Massaro

Peña-Herazo

et al. 2023

A&A

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Context. Nowadays, we know that the origin of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) is the integrated emission of nearby active galactic nuclei. Therefore, in order to obtain a precise estimate of the contribution of different source classes to the CXB, it is crucial to achieve full characterization of the hard-X ray sky. Aims. We present a multifrequency analysis of all sources listed in the third release of the Palermo Swift-BAT hard X-ray catalog (3PBC) with the goal of (i) identifying and classifying the largest number of sources adopting multifrequency criteria, with particular emphasis on extragalactic populations and (ii) extracting sources belonging to the class of Seyfert galaxies to present here the release of the second version of the Turin-SyCAT. Methods. We outline a classification scheme based on radio, infrared (IR), and optical criteria that allows us to distinguish between unidentified and unclassified hard X-ray sources, as well as to classify those sources belonging to the Galactic and the extragalactic populations. Results. Our revised version of the 3PBC lists 1176 classified, 820 extragalactic, and 356 Galactic sources, as well as 199 unclassified and 218 unidentified sources. According to our analysis, the hard X-ray sky is mainly populated by Seyfert galaxies and blazars. For the blazar population, we report trends between the hard X-ray and the gamma-ray emissions based on the fact that a large fraction of them also have a counterpart detected by the Fermi satellite. These trends are all in agreement with the expectations of inverse Compton models which are widely adopted to explain the blazar broadband emission. For the Seyfert galaxies, we present the second version of the Turin-SyCAT, including a total of 633 Seyfert galaxies, with 282 new sources corresponding to an increase of ∼80 % with respect to the previous release. Comparing the hard X-ray and the infrared emissions of Seyfert galaxies, we confirm that there is no clear difference between the flux distribution of the infrared-to-hard X-ray flux ratio of Seyfert galaxies Type 1 and Type 2. However, there is a significant trend between the mid-IR flux and hard X-ray flux, confirming previous statistical results in the literature. Conclusions. We provide two catalog tables. The first is the revised version of the 3PBC catalog based on our multifrequency analyses. The second catalog table is a release of the second version of the Turin-SyCAT catalog. Finally, we highlight that extensive soft X-ray data are already available in the form of the SWIFT archive which can be used to search for potential counterparts of unidentified hard X-ray sources. All these datasets will be reduced and analyzed in a forthcoming analysis to determine the precise position of lowenergy counterparts in the 0.5 -10 keV energy range for 3PBC sources that can be targets of future optical spectroscopic campaigns; this is necessary to obtain their precise classification.

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X-ray observations of luminous dusty quasars at z > 2

Lansbury

Banerji

Fabian

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present new X-ray observations of luminous heavily dust-reddened quasars (HRQs) selected from infrared (IR) sky surveys. HRQs appear to be a dominant population at high redshifts and the highest luminosities, and may be associated with a transitional ‘blowout’ phase of black hole and galaxy co-evolution models. Despite this, their high-energy properties have been poorly known. We use the overall sample of 10 objects with XMM–Newton coverage to study the high-energy properties of HRQs at $\langle$Lbol$\rangle$ =1047.5 erg s−1 and $\langle$z$\rangle$ =2.5. For seven sources with strong X-ray detections, we perform spectral analyses. These find a median X-ray luminosity of $\left\langle L_{\rm 2\!-\!10\, keV} \right\rangle = 10^{45.1}$ erg s−1, comparable to the most powerful X-ray quasars known. The gas column densities are NH = (1–8) × 1022 cm−2, in agreement with the amount of dust extinction observed. The dust-to-gas ratios are sub-Galactic, but are higher than found in local AGN. The intrinsic X-ray luminosities of HRQs are weak compared to the mid-IR ($L_{\rm 6\, \mu m}$) and bolometric luminosities (Lbol), in agreement with findings for other luminous quasar samples. For instance, the X-ray to bolometric corrections range from κbol ≈ 50 to 3000. The moderate absorption levels and accretion rates close to the Eddington limit ($\langle$λEdd$\rangle$ =1.06) are in agreement with a quasar blowout phase. Indeed, we find that the HRQs lie in the forbidden region of the NH–λEdd plane, and therefore that radiation pressure feedback on the dusty interstellar medium may be driving a phase of blowout that has been ongoing for a few 105 yr. The wider properties, including [O iii] narrow-line region kinematics, broadly agree with this interpretation.

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BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey – XIII. The nature of the most luminous obscured AGN in the low-redshift universe

Cited by 14 publications

References 217 publications

Investigating the true nature of three hard X-ray sources

Investigating the true nature of three hard X-ray sources

A multifrequency characterization of the extragalactic hard X-ray sky

X-ray observations of luminous dusty quasars at z > 2

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BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey – XIII. The nature of the most luminous obscured AGN in the low-redshift universe

Cited by 14 publications

References 217 publications

Investigating the true nature of three hard X-ray sources

Investigating the true nature of three hard X-ray sources

A multifrequency characterization of the extragalactic hard X-ray sky

X-ray observations of luminous dusty quasars at z &gt; 2

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Product

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X-ray observations of luminous dusty quasars at z > 2