Basque and the Reconstruction of Isolated Languages

Lakarra, Joseba Andoni

doi:10.4324/9781315750026-3

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In most of the words in (5a), however, the aspiration lacks etymological justification, since these words are vowel-initial in Romance (see Michelena [1977. Although in harea from arēna the initial aspiration could perhaps be related to the weakening of intervocalic /n/ (see below), as proposed by Lakarra (2009aLakarra ( , 2009bLakarra ( , 2017, this explanation would not extend to other items in this list like harma 'weapon', hira 'ire', harrapatu 'grab' (< Gasc arrapar), husu 'often, usually', etc. We must thus conclude that some words have acquired non-etymological aspiration, as we concluded in the previous section regarding Romance borrowings with postconsonantal aspiration.…”

Section: Word-initial /H/mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Aspiration in Basque

Honeybone

2018

PiHPh

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The distribution of aspiration in Basque -with 'aspiration' referring to both the occurrence of [h] and of aspirated stops -shows some puzzling aspects. In some words, aspiration is ancient, in the sense that it must be assumed for the earliest reconstructable stage. In some other instances, however, it has arisen seemingly ex nihilo, as can be observed in borrowings from Latin and Romance, e.g. Latin/Romance īra > Basque hira 'ire', Romance taula > Basque thaula 'board'. Most surprisingly, in some words aspiration has developed after a sonorant consonant, e.g. Romance solatz > Basque solhas 'conversation'. Aspiration may also continue intervocalic /n/, e.g. Latin anāte > Basque ahate 'duck'. Another unusual development is the phonologization of the contrast between aspirated and unaspirated voiceless stops triggered by a shift of the stress in some words without affecting the properties of consonants. Finally, an interdialectal alternation /k-/ ~ /g-/ ~ /h-/ ~ ∅ in demonstratives and related adverbs appears to have involved fortition, contrary to initial expectations. Here we describe the environments in which aspiration is found in Basque and discuss the most likely historical developments that could have given rise to the state of affairs that we find, paying particular attention to what would appear to be unusual or unnatural sound changes. We build on prior scholarship, but this paper also contains some new hypotheses, especially regarding the aspiration in words like ahate 'duck'. We have also tried to contribute to the dating of the different processes and to the understanding of in their causes.

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Section: Word-initial /H/mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The rule placing the stress on the second syllable of the word is by itself an innovation (Hualde 2003(Hualde , 2006(Hualde , 2017a) that does not go back to Old Common Basque -which is the name given to the most recent Proto-Basque stage (see Michelena 1981, Lakarra 2017.…”

Section: Aspirated Stopsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspiration in Basque

Honeybone

2018

PiHPh

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“…Horren erabilera emankorra Mendebaldeko testuez landara ez da aurkitzen eta XVIII. menderako galdurik dago (Lakarra, 1984;Santazilia, 2013: 261 eta hurrengoak). Forma ihartu hedatuen eta zaharrena ondoren da, artikulurik gabea.…”

Section: Deklinabideaunclassified

Iruñe ondoko euskal testu zahar berri bat

Santazilia¹

2019

Fontes

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Untzuko (Txulapain) parrokian edo inguruan orain gutxi agertu den euskal eskuizkribu zahar baten edizio eta azterketa dakargu lan honetan. Testuaren deskribapena egin dugu eta izkribua itzulpen-moldaketa dela kontuan harturik, jorratzen duen gaiaz eta testua euskaraz egotearen arrazoiez azalpen zenbait eman ditugu. Idazkiaren estilo txukuna gogoan, egile anonimoaren ezagupenen eta eraginen gaineko ondorioak atera ditugu. Horrezaz gain, testua ikuspegi filologiko eta dialektologikotik aztertuta, dagokion garaian eta hizkeran kokatzen saiatu gara. Eskuizkribuaren transkripzioa, grafia eta puntuazioa gaurkotua duen bertsioa eta jatorrizkoaren faksimilea ere eman ditugu hemen.

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“…A significant part of this reaction came in the form of an erudite interest in the study of the Basque language (Euskera), its origins, and lexicon. Because Euskera is one of the few non-Indo-European languages on the continent and a language isolate with no relation to any other known language (Lakarra 2017), it became a fertile ground for speculation about the origins of the Basque people. The paper will show how Euskera was used by a string of intellectuals spanning four centuries as a "metaphorical avatar" of ethnic identity.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Basque Language (Euskera) As an Ideological Instrument in the Historical Construction of Basque Ethnic Identity

Rosa

2022

Journal of Nationalism, Memory &Amp; Language Politics

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This paper analyzes how studies of a language and the language itself can be used as symbolic instruments to construct or support a differential ideological identity. The analyses of these studies have allowed us to undertake a sort of “archaeology” of the process of Basque ethnogenesis. All the authors instrumentalized philological studies as a way of expressing and claiming their ethnic identity, building their arguments on the basis of previous works (the “archaeological” layer being immediately underneath) at the same time that they reformulated them in order to better suit their specific conception of Basque identity as well as their particular sociopolitical interests. As if we were looking at a stratigraphic cut of an uninterrupted human settlement, the research unravels the existence of a narrative thread that, stratum upon stratum (that is, author upon author) connects the Basque chroniclers of the 16th to 18th centuries with the romantic fuerista writers of the 19th century, as well as Sabino de Arana-Goiri, the founder of the contemporary Basque Nationalist Party.

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Basque and the Reconstruction of Isolated Languages

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Aspiration in Basque

Aspiration in Basque

Iruñe ondoko euskal testu zahar berri bat

The Basque Language (Euskera) As an Ideological Instrument in the Historical Construction of Basque Ethnic Identity

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