Basilar membrane nonlinearity and its influence on auditory nerve rate-intensity functions

Yates, Graeme K.

doi:10.1016/0378-5955(90)90041-m

Cited by 166 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The inferred BM input-output functions (used for gain estimation) are based on the physiological finding of a differential response at a given BM location for sounds with frequencies about an octave apart (on-and off-frequency maskers) (Yates, 1990;Ruggero et al, 1992Ruggero et al, , 1997. It is assumed that any nonlinearity subsequent to the BM is not frequency dependent (affecting on-and off-frequency maskers equally) and should not affect our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Human Auditory Efferent Feedback on Cochlear Gain and Compression

2014

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The mammalianauditorysystemincludesabrainstem-mediatedefferentpathwayfromthesuperiorolivarycomplexbywayofthemedialolivocochlear system,whichreducesthecochlearresponsetosound (WarrandGuinan,1979;Libermanetal.,1996).Thehumanmedialolivocochlearresponsehasan onsetdelayofbetween25and40msandriseanddecayconstantsintheregionof280and160ms,respectively(BackusandGuinan,2006).Physiological studies with nonhuman mammals indicate that onset and decay characteristics of efferent activation are dependent on the temporal and level characteristics of the auditory stimulus (Bacon and Smith, 1991; Guinan and Stankovic, 1996). This study uses a novel psychoacoustical masking technique usingaprecursorsoundtoobtainameasureoftheefferenteffectinhumans.Thistechniqueavoidsconfoundscurrentlyassociatedwithotherpsychoacousticalmeasures.Bothtemporalandleveldependencyoftheefferenteffectwasmeasured,providingacomprehensivemeasureoftheeffectofhuman auditoryefferentsoncochleargainandcompression.Resultsindicatethataprecursor(Ͼ20dBSPL)inducedefferentactivation,resultinginadecrease in both maximum gain and maximum compression, with linearization of the compressive function for input sound levels between 50 and 70 dB SPL. Estimatedgaindecreasedasprecursorlevelincreased,andincreasedasthesilentintervalbetweentheprecursorandcombinedmasker-signalstimulus increased, consistent with a decay of the efferent effect. Human auditory efferent activation linearizes the cochlear response for mid-level sounds while reducing maximum gain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Human Auditory Efferent Feedback on Cochlear Gain and Compression

2014

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“…Equation 4 is equivalent to the logistic equation, which may be more obvious when P is written as exp(ln P), and describes a sigmoidal function that is symmetric when R norm [RA] ( P) is plotted along a linear axis and P along a logarithmic axis. This is the most widely accepted model of the transducer stage shaping the rate-level functions of primary auditory afferents in various species (Sachs and Abbas, 1974;Winslow and Sachs, 1988;Sachs et al, 1989;Yates, 1990Yates, , 1991 Köppl and Yates, 1999;Saunders et al, 2002;Lütkenhöner, 2008;Taberner and Liberman, 2005;Wen et al, 2009;Buran et al, 2010;Temchin and Ruggero, 2010). Nizami and Schneider (1997) and Nizami (2002) proposed the logistic equation, with threshold (in decibels SPL) and dynamic range (DR; in decibels) as explicit parameters instead of K RA and ␣, without acknowledging its equivalence to the saturating power function proposed by Sachs and Abbas (1974).…”

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confidence: 99%

An Improved Model for the Rate–Level Functions of Auditory-Nerve Fibers

Heil

Neubauer

Irvine³

2011

J. Neurosci.

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Acoustic information is conveyed to the brain by the spike patterns in auditory-nerve fibers (ANFs). In mammals, each ANF is excited via a single ribbon synapse in a single inner hair cell (IHC), and the spike patterns therefore also provide valuable information about those intriguing synapses. Here we reexamine and model a key property of ANFs, the dependence of their spike rates on the sound pressure level of acoustic stimuli (rate-level functions). We build upon the seminal model of Sachs and Abbas (1974), which provides good fits to experimental data but has limited utility for defining physiological mechanisms. We present an improved, physiologically plausible model according to which the spike rate follows a Hill equation and spontaneous activity and its experimentally observed tight correlation with ANF sensitivity are emergent properties. We apply it to 156 cat ANF rate-level functions using frequencies where the mechanics are linear and find that a single Hill coefficient of 3 can account for the population of functions. We also demonstrate a tight correspondence between ANF rate-level functions and the Ca 2ϩ dependence of exocytosis from IHCs, and derive estimates of the effective intracellular Ca 2ϩ concentrations at the individual active zones of IHCs. We argue that the Hill coefficient might reflect the intrinsic, biochemical Ca 2ϩ cooperativity of the Ca 2ϩ sensor involved in exocytosis from the IHC. The model also links ANF properties with properties of psychophysical absolute thresholds.

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“…The firing rate of auditory nerve fibers shows a linear growth at low levels, too, but the independent variable appears to be an integer power of sound pressure. In mammals, the stimulus-driven component of the firing rate seems to be proportional to sound pressure squared, corresponding to sound intensity (Yates 1990;Yates et al 1990). The same type of growth was found in the DC response of inner hair cells (Dallos 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To get things straight, an independent modeling study was performed (Lütkenhöner 2008). Starting from wellfounded assumptions about the rate-intensity functions of single auditory nerve fibers (Yates 1990;Yates et al 1990;Eatock et al 1991) and the pattern of cochlear excitation caused by a tone (e.g., Russell and Nilsen 1997), formulas for the intensity dependence of the auditory nerve response to a tone were derived. According to these formulas, the response amplitude is, in the low-intensity limit, proportional to intensity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditory Brainstem Response at the Detection Limit

Lütkenhöner

Seither-Preisler

2008

JARO

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Specific predictions regarding the level dependence of auditory evoked responses near the detection limit were made in a companion modeling study (Lütkenhöner, J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 9:102-121, 2008). Here, these predictions are experimentally tested for auditory brainstem responses (ABR) to Gaussian-shaped 4-kHz tone pulses (full width at half maximum=0.5 ms) that were presented at sound levels close to the subjective threshold. In the average of over about one million stimulus repetitions (repetition period=16 ms), the amplitude of ABR wave V showed a smooth transition from a proportional to a logarithmic growth with increasing sound intensity. The latter type of growth corresponds to a linear increase with respect to sound level measured in decibels. Alternatively, the ABR amplitude near the detection limit may be considered a linear function of sound pressure, although-according to the modelthis is only an approximation. Data and model are consistent with the view that a sensory threshold does not exist for the auditory modality, in accordance with signal detection theory. Even so, the model may be used to define a quasithreshold that is comparable to the subjective threshold.

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Basilar membrane nonlinearity and its influence on auditory nerve rate-intensity functions

Cited by 166 publications

References 34 publications

Effect of Human Auditory Efferent Feedback on Cochlear Gain and Compression

Effect of Human Auditory Efferent Feedback on Cochlear Gain and Compression

An Improved Model for the Rate–Level Functions of Auditory-Nerve Fibers

Auditory Brainstem Response at the Detection Limit

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