A detailed account regarding the synthesis of 5-ylidene-2(5H)-furanones is given. The key step is a decarboxylative Knoevenagel-type reaction of tetronamides with various α-functionalized aldehydes. The synthesis of protected basidalin is presented.Amino-2(5H)-furanones, commonly referred to as tetronamides, are important intermediates in the synthesis of natural products, 1 and they are also of interest in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical arenas. 2 Most methods reported for the preparation of substituted tetronamides are based on the nucleophilicity of the enamine function. 3 A sequence involving condensation of primary or secondary amines with tetronic acid followed by alkylation or aldolization using, most generally, tert-butyllithium as a base furnishes 5-substituted tetronamides. 4 We have described a novel N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) 5 -promoted cyclization of enaminoesters 6 1 to 4-amino-5-carboxymethyl-2(5H)-furanones 2 and subsequent C5-alkylation to prepare 5-substituted tetronamides 3 in an overall three-step approach (Scheme 1). 7
Scheme 1In our continuing efforts to develop efficient C5 modifications of tetronamides, we were interested in the possibility of preparing 5-ylidene-4-amino-2(5H)-furanones 6. Though the synthesis of these heterocyclic derivatives have been described (most often obtained as unexpected products through thermal rearrangements of azido-or isoxazoloquinones), 8 no direct methylene insertion onto the C5 position of tetronamides has been reported. Moreover, this structural framework is found in basidalin, a natural product isolated from the mushroom Leucoagaricus naucina. This natural product exhibits antibacterial and antitumor activities, and its structure was elucidated in 1983 by X-ray diffraction analysis. 9 To the best of our knowledge only the synthesis of the non-natural E isomer has been described. 10 Thiobasidalin, the thiolactone analogue of basidalin, has been synthesized by Stachel and co-workers. 11 Therefore, it was of interest to evaluate the preparation of basidalin by means of a process that would make use of glyoxal derivatives and the pivotal tetronamide 2 as reaction partners in a Knoevenagel-Doebnertype reaction (Scheme 2). 12