Basics of Planning and Management of Patients during Radiation Therapy

Mukherji, Ashutosh

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6659-7

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…5 As a non-invasive treatment method, radiotherapy can be used for both curative and palliative treatments. 6 For curative care, it can be combined with surgery (often post-operative) or chemotherapy for early stage cancer or locally advanced metastases. For palliative treatments, a shorter treatment period is often preferred to relieve pain and prevent symptoms from getting worse.…”

Section: Liver Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The entire treatment course is relatively short (at most 2 to 3 weeks), and the cancer recurrence or the late effects would occur later than the statistically expected survival. 6 However, one should not neglect the late effects for the sake of improved local control. 7,9 Contemporary hypofractionated treatments provide more conformal dose delivery and steep dose gradients around the target, which spares high dose to organs at risk.…”

Section: Radiobiological Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63 The difference between respiratory gating and active breathing control in determining the respiratory phase (or amplitude) is that the former is achieved by direct imaging, while the latter relies on a spirometer. 6 The gating window can be based on either phase or amplitude. Some studies showed that amplitude-based gating gave a more consistent estimation that the tumour position was within the gating window for dose delivery.…”

Section: Target Motion Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The air bellows contracts and expands due to the abdomen motion, which is converted into an electronic signal that indirectly indicates the respiratory phase. 6 Gating does not track the tumour motion directly. One approach commonly used for respiratory motion detection during the treatment of thoracic and upper abdominal lesions is the Real-time Position Management (RPM) System (Varian® Medical Systems, CA).…”

Section: Target Motion Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 shows the average and SD of signed rigid body errors for all x-ray image acquisitions over a treatment course, as well as the average of the absolute value of these rigid body errors. The absolute value of the rigid body error is a quantity that can trigger treatment interrupts.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Patient-Specific Planning Target Volume Margins for Liver Stereotactic Robotic Radiosurgery

Liu¹

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Purpose: To create analytical tools for a proposed clinical workflow, which implements patientspecific planning target volume (PTV) margins for liver radiation therapy treatments. Methods and Materials: Treatment log files are analyzed for liver treatments to assess tumour motion-tracking accuracy. A uniform PTV margin is estimated that considers motion-tracking errors and deformations, provided that the impact of uncorrected rotations is minimized. A supervised machine learning algorithm employing retrospective data, which emulates a dry-run session prior to treatment planning, is used to investigate if motion-tracking errors are less than 2 mm, and consequently, the standard PTV margins can be reduced by 2 mm. For a safer implementation in the clinic, we employ a warning system that quantifies the probability of a geographic miss if the PTV margin is reduced for every subsequent fraction. A dosimetric analytical tool is proposed to retrospectively assess the dose to a target against different types of delivery errors. The tool is validated by radiochromic film measurements for two very different types of treatments, liver and trigeminal neuralgia (a cranial nerve disorder). Case studies are conducted to access the suitability of a selected PTV margin based on the geometrical and dosimetric coverage of targets. The range of rotations that can be safely allowed for trigeminal neuralgia treatments is quantified since rotational corrections cannot be applied by the system for this specific disease site. Results: Isotropic 4 mm PTV margins are sufficient to account for tracking errors and deformations for 95% of patients. For patient-specific PTV margins, the accuracy of predicting if motion-tracking errors are less than 2 mm is 0.84 ± 0.06 using 5-fold cross-validation. Using the warning system, 11 out of 64 cases predicted to be treated with 2 mm reduced PTV margins might

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Section: Liver Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiobiological Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Target Motion Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Target Motion Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patient-Specific Planning Target Volume Margins for Liver Stereotactic Robotic Radiosurgery

Liu¹

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Effect of resveratrol on the radiosensitivity of 5‐FU in human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells

Aghamiri

Jafarpour

Zandsalimi

et al. 2019

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of resveratrol (Res) on radiosensitivity of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in the spheroid culture of MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line using colony formation examination. Spheroids on day 9 with 300 µm diameters were treated with 20 µM resveratrol and/or 1 µM 5‐FU for one volume doubling time (VDT) (42 hours) and then irradiated with 2 Gy gamma radiation (60Co) in various groups. Then the viability of the cells and clonogenic ability were acquired by blue dye exclusion and colony formation assay, respectively. The population doubling time in the monolayer culture and the VDT of spheroid culture was 22.48 ± 0.23 hours and 42 ± 0.63 hours respectively. None of the drugs and combination of them had any effect on the viability of cells. The combination treatment of 5‐FU+Res+ radiation significantly reduced the colony formation ability of spheroid cells in comparison with each treatment alone. Our results indicated that resveratrol can significantly decrease colony number of breast cancer spheroid cells treated with 5‐FU in combination with gamma‐rays. Thus, resveratrol as a hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1‐alpha inhibitor increased the radiosensitization of breast cancer spheroid cells.

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Novel therapeutic agents in clinical trials: emerging approaches in cancer therapy

Joshi,

Sharma,

Prasad

et al. 2024

Discov Onc

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Novel therapeutic agents in clinical trials offer a paradigm shift in the approach to battling this prevalent and destructive disease, and the area of cancer therapy is on the precipice of a trans formative revolution. Despite the importance of tried-and-true cancer treatments like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the disease continues to evolve and adapt, making new, more potent methods necessary. The field of cancer therapy is currently witnessing the emergence of a wide range of innovative approaches. Immunotherapy, including checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell treatment, and cancer vaccines, utilizes the host’s immune system to selectively target and eradicate malignant cells while minimizing harm to normal tissue. The development of targeted medicines like kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies has allowed for more targeted and less harmful approaches to treating cancer. With the help of genomics and molecular profiling, “precision medicine” customizes therapies to each patient’s unique genetic makeup to maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing unwanted side effects. Epigenetic therapies, metabolic interventions, radio-pharmaceuticals, and an increasing emphasis on combination therapy with synergistic effects further broaden the therapeutic landscape. Multiple-stage clinical trials are essential for determining the safety and efficacy of these novel drugs, allowing patients to gain access to novel treatments while also furthering scientific understanding. The future of cancer therapy is rife with promise, as the integration of artificial intelligence and big data has the potential to revolutionize early detection and prevention. Collaboration among researchers, and healthcare providers, and the active involvement of patients remain the bedrock of the ongoing battle against cancer. In conclusion, the dynamic and evolving landscape of cancer therapy provides hope for improved treatment outcomes, emphasizing a patient-centered, data-driven, and ethically grounded approach as we collectively strive towards a cancer-free world.

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Basics of Planning and Management of Patients during Radiation Therapy

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Patient-Specific Planning Target Volume Margins for Liver Stereotactic Robotic Radiosurgery

Patient-Specific Planning Target Volume Margins for Liver Stereotactic Robotic Radiosurgery

Effect of resveratrol on the radiosensitivity of 5‐FU in human breast cancer MCF‐7 cells

Novel therapeutic agents in clinical trials: emerging approaches in cancer therapy

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