Basic Study of a Mixture of N-butyl Cyanoacrylate, Ethanol, and Lipiodol as a New Embolic Material

Effect of transcatheter arterial embolization with a mixture of n-butyl cyanoacrylate, lipiodol, and ethanol on the vascular wall: macroscopic and microscopic studies

“…In an in vitro study, NL11 injected into saline formed an accumulation of small oily droplets, while NLE112 injected into saline formed a single round droplet [9]. The present findings confirmed that NLE112 maintained similar configurations in vivo as that in vitro.…”

“…In the blood, it hardens by polymerization with hydroxyl anions [3][4][5]16]. The addition of ethanol is reported to accelerate the polymerization process and to weaken the strength of adhesion to the catheter [1,9]. The present results confirmed that the addition of ethanol decreases the strength with which NBCA adheres to the vascular wall.…”

“…It is reported that the polymerization speed can be delayed by dilution with lipiodol [6][7][8]. When a mixture of NBCA, ethanol, and lipiodol was injected into saline, the resulting solid polymer was found to be minimally adhesive to the catheter, implying the feasibility of the embolic material for vessel occlusion [9]. However, NBCA is known to cause acute vasculitis [10][11][12], while ethanol causes cell damage by deprivation of intracellular fluid and coagulation necrosis of the vascular wall and organ parenchyma [13][14][15].…”

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy for studying the kinetics of tissue adhesives

“…This is the main advantage, because the rapid wound closure is usually desirable but there are also applications that require delayed reaction. For this purpose, some special substances can be added to the glue to slow the reaction [4], [5], [6]. The curing mechanism relates also to the content of water.…”

Balloon-assisted packing of wide-neck aneurysms with a mixture of n-butyl cyanoacrylate, Lipiodol, and ethanol: an experimental study

“…When a mixture of NBCA and Lipiodol (NL) is injected into blood or saline, the nature of the mixture is similar to that of Lipiodol, i.e. a mass of oil droplets [2,5]. However, when NBCA is mixed with an emulsion of Lipiodol and ethanol (NLE) and the NLE is injected into saline or blood, the resulting mixture has the form of a single round droplet or a "noodle" configuration, depending on the proportion of ethanol [5].…”