Basic Structure System Rating of Post–Super Typhoon Haiyan Structures in Tacloban and East Guiuan, Philippines

Chen, Shen En; Leeman, Mark E.; English, B; Kennedy, Andrew; Masters, Forrest J.; Pinelli, Jean‐Paul; Pang, Weichiang; Rullan-Rodriguez, Jose A.; Satyanarayana, P.; Calvo, Joseph; Murugan, Bharathi; Natarajan, C.

doi:10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000872

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In fact, post-event surveys in the Philippines and around the world reveal that most economic loss in high wind-hazard areas are related to the breach of the building envelope (e.g., [10]), resulting in considerable monetary losses due to direct damage and downtime after wind events, as observed in several studies (e.g., [11]). The breach of a building envelope typically includes roof panel uplift, roof-to-wall connection failure, roof system damage, and rupture of window and door glasses due to excessive pressure or missile impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In particular, failure of roof panel/sheathing may lead to water penetration and severe interior damage to a property and its contents. Such a damage in roof structural systems can cause significant increase of wind pressure on interior surfaces and loss of sufficient lateral support to walls, resulting in progressive failure of other portions of the building and even failure of the structural system as a whole in some instances (e.g., [10]). Research carried out in the United States (US, e.g., [12,13]) further indicates that following the first removal of a roof panel by wind uplift, the magnitude of subsequent losses can amount to significant percentages of the total insurance claims.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wind-uplift fragility analysis of roof sheathing for cultural heritage assets in the Philippines

Song

Galasso

Garciano

2020

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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Recent catastrophic events in the Philippines (e.g., the 2013 Typhoon Haiyan) have highlighted that ageing cultural heritage (CH) assets are especially vulnerable to typhoon-induced extreme wind. Non-engineered CH roofs have been recognized as the most vulnerable component in the building envelope due to wind uplift, often resulting in large economic losses and disruption to those assets. Effective prioritization of high-vulnerable structures is a key to effective risk mitigation and resilience-increasing strategies.This paper introduces a simulation-based approach for non-engineered CH roof fragility analysis (i.e., to assess the likelihood of different levels of roof damage over a range of wind hazard intensities) and risk assessment. In the proposed approach, two common failure modes are considered, corresponding to (first) roof-fastener pullout and roof-panel pullover. The overall aim is to identify the highest-risk candidate assets and prioritize more detailed data collection campaigns and structural assessment procedures (e.g., properly accounting for load redistribution and fastener failure progression), and ultimately to plan further repair/strengthening measures.An illustrative application of the proposed procedure is presented with reference to eight priority CH assets in Bohol, the Philippines. The analysis results indicate that, especially for roof panels supported by wood-type purlins, pullout fragility/risk can be significantly high, while the pullover one is generally lower.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind-uplift fragility analysis of roof sheathing for cultural heritage assets in the Philippines

Song

Galasso

Garciano

2020

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction

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“…Work assessing typhoon vulnerability that applies damage assessment methods has focused on engineered structures in the Philippines, although assessments have considered the multi-hazard context of wind and flood. In the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan, Chen et al [29] applied a structural damage rating system to concrete framed structures in Tacloban to profile the extent of damage across the site, concluding that wind was a more significant cause of damage than flood. Hernandez et al [30] carried out a damage survey in Leyte and Samar following Haiyan on a range of buildings including timber, concrete, and steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Risk-Based Approach to Shelter Resilience following Flood and Typhoon Damage in Rural Philippines

Stephenson¹,

Finlayson

Morel³

2018

Geosciences

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The Philippines is exposed to numerous typhoons every year, each of which poses a potential threat to livelihoods, shelter, and in some cases life. Flooding caused by such events leads to extensive damage to land and buildings, and the impact on rural communities can be severe. The global community is calling for action to address and achieve disaster risk reduction for communities and people exposed to such events. Achieving this requires an understanding of the nature of the risks that flooding and typhoons pose to these communities and their homes. This paper presents the findings from a field based case study assessment of three rural settlements in the Philippines, where typhoons and associated flooding in recent years has caused significant damage to houses and livelihoods, leading to the reconstruction of homes that more often than not reproduce similar structural vulnerabilities as were there before these hazards occurred. This work presents a methodology for risk assessment of such structures profiling the flood and wind hazards and measuring physical vulnerability and the experience of communities affected. The aim of the work is to demonstrate a method for identifying risks in these communities, and seeks to address the challenge faced by practitioners of assisting communities in rebuilding their homes in more resilient ways. The work set out here contributes to the discussion about how best to enable practitioners and communities to achieve the sought for risk reduction and especially highlights the role that geoscience and engineering can have in achieving this ambition.

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“…Internationally, major tsunamis were similarly documented by teams during this same timeframe (Shimamoto et al, 1995;CAEE, 2005). Building on these early efforts, the number of post-disaster investigations, particularly led by academics, has steadily risen (Butcher et al, 1988;O'Rourke et al, 1990;Dickenson and Werner, 1996;Miller, 1998;Sezen et al, 2000;Chen et al, 2016;Gurley and Masters 2011;Kuligowski et al, 2014;Synolakis and Kong, 2006;Kennedy et al, 2011;Yeh et al, 2013;Tomiczek, et al, 2014;Tomiczek, et al, 2017), due to both growth in the field of disaster science/engineering and the increasing frequency of damaging events. Unfortunately, while some clearinghouses and event-specific databases were established during this time, coordination and practices around data sharing were inconsistent, with many valuable datasets maintained as proprietary, for a variety of reasons, or shared selectively with colleagues and collaborators.…”

Section: Origins and Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

StEER: A Community-Centered Approach to Assessing the Performance of the Built Environment after Natural Hazard Events

Kijewski-Correa

Roueche

Mosalam

et al. 2021

Front. Built Environ.

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Since its founding in 2018, the Structural Extreme Events Reconnaissance (StEER) Network has worked to deepen the capacity of the Natural Hazards Engineering (NHE) community for coordinated and standardized assessments of the performance of the built environment following natural hazard events. This paper positions StEER within the field of engineering reconnaissance and the Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI), outlining its organizational model for coordinated community-led responses to wind, seismic, and coastal hazard events. The paper’s examination of StEER’s event response workflow, engaging a range of hardware and delivering a suite of products, demonstrates StEER’s contributions in the areas of: workflow and data standardization, data reliability to enable field-observation-driven research & development, efficiency in data collection and dissemination to speed knowledge sharing, near-real- time open data access for enhanced coordination and transparency, and flexibility in collaboration modes to reduce the “overhead” associated with reconnaissance and foster broad NHE community engagement in event responses as part of field and virtual assessment structural teams (FAST/VAST). StEER’s creation of efficient systems to deliver well-documented, reliable data suitable for diverse re-uses as well as rapidly disseminated synopses of the impact of natural hazard events on the built environment provide a distinctive complement to existing post-event reconnaissance initiatives. The implementation of these policies, protocols and workflows is then demonstrated with case studies from five events illustrating StEER’s different field response strategies: the Nashville, Tennessee Tornadoes (2020) – a Hazard Gradient Survey; the Palu Earthquake and Tsunami in Indonesia (2018) – a Representative Performance Study; the Puerto Rico Earthquakes (2019/2020) – using Targeted Case Studies; Hurricane Laura (2020) – leveraging Rapid Surveys to enable virtual assessments; and Hurricane Dorian (2019) in the Bahamas – a Phased Multi-Hazard Investigation. The use of these strategies has enabled StEER to respond to 36 natural hazard events, involving over 150 different individuals to produce 45 published reports/briefings, over 5000 publicly available app-based structural assessments, and over 1600 km (1000 mi) of street-level panoramic imagery in its first 2years of operation.

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Basic Structure System Rating of Post–Super Typhoon Haiyan Structures in Tacloban and East Guiuan, Philippines

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Wind-uplift fragility analysis of roof sheathing for cultural heritage assets in the Philippines

Wind-uplift fragility analysis of roof sheathing for cultural heritage assets in the Philippines

A Risk-Based Approach to Shelter Resilience following Flood and Typhoon Damage in Rural Philippines

StEER: A Community-Centered Approach to Assessing the Performance of the Built Environment after Natural Hazard Events

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