“…Various deep red to NIR chromophores/fluorophores such as squaraine, [19][20][21] azo, [22][23][24] styryl, [25][26][27] perylene, [28][29][30] BODIPY, [31][32][33] aza-BODIPY, [32,34,35] cyanine, [36][37][38] coumarin, [39,40] and xanthene [41][42][43] are reported having either absorption or emission or both lying in the deep-red to NIR. A few such fluorophores are presented in Figure 1.…”