“…Finally, to measure behavioral economic demand for UVIT, participants completed a tanning purchase task (TPT) developed based on previous studies using hypothetical purchase tasks (Murphy & MacKillop, ; Reed et al, ; Roma et al, ). The TPT was administered via paper and pencil with the following instructions:“ What is the likelihood that you sign up for a month of the most basic unlimited tanning?…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Beyond being an efficient analog to drug administration, hypothetical purchase tasks feature sufficient psychometrics such as convergent/divergent validity (MacKillop et al, 2008; Murphy, MacKillop, Tidey, Brazil, & Colby, ) and temporal stability (Amlung & MacKillop, ; Few, Acker, Murphy, & MacKillop, ; ). Although these hypothetical purchase tasks demonstrate adequate psychometric properties for traditional drugs of abuse (see also: Amlung, Acker, Stojek, Murphy, & MacKillop, ; Kiselica, Webber, & Bornovalova, ; MacKillop, ; MacKillop & Murphy, ; Reed, Kaplan, & Becirevic, ), the degree to which hypothetical purchase tasks are translatable to under‐researched behavioral addictions remains relatively unknown. The purpose of this translational study was to examine the degree to which a hypothetical purchase task for ultraviolet indoor tanning (UVIT) corresponds with known markers of UVIT dependence used in clinical dermatology.…”
Many adults engage in ultraviolet indoor tanning despite evidence of its association with skin cancer. The constellation of behaviors associated with ultraviolet indoor tanning is analogous to that in other behavioral addictions. Despite a growing literature on ultraviolet indoor tanning as an addiction, there remains no consensus on how to identify ultraviolet indoor tanning addictive tendencies. The purpose of the present study was to translate a behavioral economic task more commonly used in substance abuse to quantify the "abuse liability" of ultraviolet indoor tanning, establish construct validity, and determine convergent validity with the most commonly used diagnostic tools for ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction (i.e., mCAGE and mDSM-IV-TR). We conducted a between-groups study using a novel hypothetical Tanning Purchase Task to quantify intensity and elasticity of ultraviolet indoor tanning demand and permit statistical comparisons with the mCAGE and mDSM-IV-TR. Results suggest that behavioral economic demand is related to ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction status and adequately discriminates between potential addicted individuals from nonaddicted individuals. Moreover, we provide evidence that the Tanning Purchase Task renders behavioral economic indicators that are relevant to public health research. The present findings are limited to two ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction tools and a relatively small sample of high-risk ultraviolet indoor tanning users; however, these pilot data demonstrate the potential for behavioral economic assessment tools as diagnostic and research aids in ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction studies.
“…Finally, to measure behavioral economic demand for UVIT, participants completed a tanning purchase task (TPT) developed based on previous studies using hypothetical purchase tasks (Murphy & MacKillop, ; Reed et al, ; Roma et al, ). The TPT was administered via paper and pencil with the following instructions:“ What is the likelihood that you sign up for a month of the most basic unlimited tanning?…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Beyond being an efficient analog to drug administration, hypothetical purchase tasks feature sufficient psychometrics such as convergent/divergent validity (MacKillop et al, 2008; Murphy, MacKillop, Tidey, Brazil, & Colby, ) and temporal stability (Amlung & MacKillop, ; Few, Acker, Murphy, & MacKillop, ; ). Although these hypothetical purchase tasks demonstrate adequate psychometric properties for traditional drugs of abuse (see also: Amlung, Acker, Stojek, Murphy, & MacKillop, ; Kiselica, Webber, & Bornovalova, ; MacKillop, ; MacKillop & Murphy, ; Reed, Kaplan, & Becirevic, ), the degree to which hypothetical purchase tasks are translatable to under‐researched behavioral addictions remains relatively unknown. The purpose of this translational study was to examine the degree to which a hypothetical purchase task for ultraviolet indoor tanning (UVIT) corresponds with known markers of UVIT dependence used in clinical dermatology.…”
Many adults engage in ultraviolet indoor tanning despite evidence of its association with skin cancer. The constellation of behaviors associated with ultraviolet indoor tanning is analogous to that in other behavioral addictions. Despite a growing literature on ultraviolet indoor tanning as an addiction, there remains no consensus on how to identify ultraviolet indoor tanning addictive tendencies. The purpose of the present study was to translate a behavioral economic task more commonly used in substance abuse to quantify the "abuse liability" of ultraviolet indoor tanning, establish construct validity, and determine convergent validity with the most commonly used diagnostic tools for ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction (i.e., mCAGE and mDSM-IV-TR). We conducted a between-groups study using a novel hypothetical Tanning Purchase Task to quantify intensity and elasticity of ultraviolet indoor tanning demand and permit statistical comparisons with the mCAGE and mDSM-IV-TR. Results suggest that behavioral economic demand is related to ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction status and adequately discriminates between potential addicted individuals from nonaddicted individuals. Moreover, we provide evidence that the Tanning Purchase Task renders behavioral economic indicators that are relevant to public health research. The present findings are limited to two ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction tools and a relatively small sample of high-risk ultraviolet indoor tanning users; however, these pilot data demonstrate the potential for behavioral economic assessment tools as diagnostic and research aids in ultraviolet indoor tanning addiction studies.
“…The second main category of demand tasks consist of drug purchase tasks (for a review of purchase tasks generally, see Reed et al, 2016b). Here, participants are asked to indicate how much of a drug they would purchase for their own consumption at a range of monetary prices.…”
As research on decision making in addiction accumulates, it is increasingly clear that decision-making processes are dysfunctional in addiction and that this dysfunction may be fundamental to the initiation and maintenance of addictive behavior. How drug-dependent individuals value and choose among drug and nondrug rewards is consistently different from non-dependent individuals. The present review focuses on the assessment of decision-making in addiction. We cover the common behavioral tasks that have shown to be fruitful in decision-making research and highlight analytical and graphical considerations, when available, to facilitate comparisons within and among studies. Delay discounting tasks, drug demand tasks, drug choice tasks, the Iowa Gambling Task, and the Balloon Analogue Risk Task are included.
“…As a translational tool, the userfriendly design of the DMS may encourage a wider range of behavior analysts to adopt and use more advanced statistical measures in their work (Critchfield, 2011). An increased utilization of statistics in behavior analytic research could potentially help to improve the accuracy of outcome measures in substance abuse treatment (e.g., Dennhardt, Yurasek & Murphy, 2015;Kerwin et al, 2012;Moore & Cusens, 2010) and provide additional means with which to evaluate treatments for individuals with disabilities (Peery & Fisher, 2001;Reed, Kaplan & Becirevic, 2015). The incorporation of metrics of discounting may also provide an additional level of analysis for effort-and timebased clinical assessments of behavior, such as functional analysis (Tustin, 1994).…”
Original, open-source computer software was developed and validated against established delay discounting methods in the literature. The software executed approximate Bayesian model selection methods from user-supplied temporal discounting data and computed the effective delay 50 (ED50) from the best performing model. Software was custom-designed to enable behavior analysts to conveniently apply recent statistical methods to temporal discounting data with the aid of a graphical user interface (GUI). The results of independent validation of the approximate Bayesian model selection methods indicated that the program provided results identical to that of the original source paper and its methods. Monte Carlo simulation (n = 50,000) confirmed that true model was selected most often in each setting. Simulation code and data for this study were posted to an online repository for use by other researchers. The model selection approach was applied to three existing delay discounting data sets from the literature in addition to the data from the source paper. Comparisons of model selected ED50 were consistent with traditional indices of discounting. Conceptual issues related to the development and use of computer software by behavior analysts and the opportunities afforded by free and open-sourced software are discussed and a review of possible expansions of this software are provided.
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