Basic Requirements for Collecting, Documenting, and Reporting Precipitation and Stormwater-Flow Measurements

Church, Peter E.; Granato, Gregory E.; Owens, David W.

doi:10.3133/ofr99255

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Streamflow discharge, as a volume of water per unit of time passing through a known cross-sectional area, can be measured directly and with low uncertainty by measuring stage at a channel-spanning weir (less than 2% under ideal conditions; Horton [1907], within 5% for calibrated broad-crested weirs; Church et al [1999]) or in-channel flow constriction structures such as a Parshall flumes (about 5% to 8% when considering total measuring uncertainties; Church et al, 1999;Ribeiro et al, 2021). However, these expensive and intensive approaches are typically limited to highlyinstrumented, small, experimental catchments.…”

Section: In-stream Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in measuring and estimating water‐budget components: Current state of the science

et al. 2023

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Reducing uncertainty in quantifying basin‐scale water‐budget components is one of the most vexing problems for water‐resource managers. Although a vast literature addresses methods and scales of component estimates, uncertainty associated with these estimates is often lacking. Here we review sources of uncertainty and compile reported uncertainty estimates for measurement and estimation methods for six water‐budget components: precipitation, streamflow, evapotranspiration, subsurface discharge, infiltration, and recharge. Quantifying the uncertainty in each water‐budget component data is required before total water‐budget uncertainty can be determined. This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Hydrological Processes Science of Water > Methods

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Section: In-stream Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncertainties in measuring and estimating water‐budget components: Current state of the science

et al. 2023

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“…freshwater, marine and terrestrial habitats), as part of coordinated and distributed experiments (Fraser et al . ), to simulate and test the impacts of current (Church, Granato & Owens ) or predicted regimes of chemical disturbance. Experiments in terrestrial habitats would be straightforward providing there was sufficient access to electricity and water, and the spatial extent of the plume in soil, air and organisms was quantified to ensure adequate spacing of experimental plots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monitoring shows organisms in habitats experience complex regimes of chemical disturbance with the concentrations, timing and frequency of toxicants to which these organisms are exposed (e.g. transient contamination events through seasonal urban run‐off; Makepeace, Smith & Stanley ; Church, Granato & Owens ). These regimes are expected to become more complicated due to accelerated chemical production and climatic change (Schiedek et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating regimes of chemical disturbance and testing impacts in the ecosystem using a novel programmable dosing system

et al. 2016

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Summary Pollution is a global issue at the frontier between ecology, environmental science, management, engineering and policy. Legislation requires experiments to determine how much contamination an ecosystem can absorb before there are structural or functional changes. Yet, existing methods cannot realistically simulate regimes of chemical disturbance and determine impacts to assemblages in ecosystems. This is because they lack ecologically relevant species and biotic interactions, are logistically difficult to set up and lack environmentally relevant regimes of chemical and abiotic disturbance that organisms experience in polluted areas. We solved these long‐standing environmental, logistical, experimental and ecological problems by developing a programmable dosing system. This dosing system simulates, in situ, regimes of chemical disturbance to assemblages by manipulating the concentration, duration, timing and frequency of pollutants to which they are exposed. Experiments with priority pollutants (the metal copper and the biocide chlorpyrifos) and mussel assemblages revealed consistent plumes of contamination within patches of mussel. Mussels at the sources of experimental plumes of copper created by the dosing system, accumulated 670% more copper in their tissues compared to mussels 0·5–50 m away. In addition, when mussels were exposed to increasing concentrations of copper, there was a concomitant increase in the amount of copper in the tissues of mussels. Combining the dosing system with an established hierarchy of ecotoxicological assays revealed mussel assemblages exposed to copper and/or chlorpyrifos had 40–70% fewer worms, whilst chlorpyrifos alone caused an 81% reduction in the number of amphipods and caused mussels to filter 48% fewer particles from the water. Combinations of copper and/or chlorpyrifos had no effects on the abundance of crabs, the respiratory functions of assemblages or the viability of molluscan haemocytes. As global contamination accelerates, we discuss how this technological advance will enable a diverse array of ecologists, mangers and policy‐makers to understand and reduce pollution.

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“…This is less important at larger watersheds best characterized by a network of rain gauges. The basic requirements for collecting, documenting, and reporting precipitation data are summarized in work conducted under the National Highway Runoff Data and Methodology Synthesis (Church, Granato et al 2003).…”

Section: Rainfall Gaugesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the most important issues cited was a lack of basic information necessary to determine the uncertainty of data sets and documentation of QA/QC practices. This information was considered critical for evaluating the potential utility of available water quality information for any given purpose (Church, Granato et al 2003). They indicated that all studies should provide certain basic data that would eventually lead to the ability of other researchers to independently review the information and make informed decisions as to the utility of the data for other purposes.…”

Section: Reporting and Documentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and Removing Dissolved Metals from Stormwater in Highly Urbanized Areas

Barrett¹,

Katz²,

Taylor³

et al. 2014

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Systematic, well-designed research provides the most effective approach to the solution of many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation develops increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. In recognition of these needs, the highway administrators of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials initiated in 1962 an objective national highway research program employing modern scientific techniques. This program is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of the Association and it receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies was requested by the Association to administer the research program because of the Board's recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. The Board is uniquely suited for this purpose as it maintains an extensive committee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; it possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state and local governmental agencies, universities, and industry; its relationship to the National Research Council is an insurance of objectivity; it maintains a full-time research correlation staff of specialists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those who are in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators of the highway and transportation departments and by committees of AASHTO. Each year, specific areas of research needs to be included in the program are proposed to the National Research Council and the Board by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Research projects to fulfill these needs are defined by the Board, and qualified research agencies are selected from those that have submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Research Council and the Transportation Research Board. The needs for highway research are many, and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program can make significant contributions to the solution of highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement rather than to substitute for or duplicate other highway research programs.

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Basic Requirements for Collecting, Documenting, and Reporting Precipitation and Stormwater-Flow Measurements

Cited by 15 publications

References 25 publications

Uncertainties in measuring and estimating water‐budget components: Current state of the science

Uncertainties in measuring and estimating water‐budget components: Current state of the science

Simulating regimes of chemical disturbance and testing impacts in the ecosystem using a novel programmable dosing system

Measuring and Removing Dissolved Metals from Stormwater in Highly Urbanized Areas

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