Basic Reactions and Mechanism of Processes Related to the Direct Synthesis

Bohmhammel, K.; Roewer, Gerhard; Röver, I.; Acker, Jörg

doi:10.1002/chin.200547275

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

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“…Because of the high-temperature dependence of the reaction rate and selectivity, ,,,,, the reaction temperature is one of the most critical parameters in direct synthesis. An increase in temperature generally increases the reaction rate on the basis of the reaction kinetics.…”

Section: Influencing Factors On the Direct Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct synthesis reaction occurs on the surface of solid silicon particles, which is typical of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. The reaction rate and selectivity depend on chemical reactions such as the cleavage and formation of chemical bonds between the elements Si, Cu, C, Cl, and H, as well as physical processes such as MeCl adsorption, reaction product desorption, heat transport, charge transport, and diffusion processes. , In addition, they are also affected by the steadily changing surface compositions (silicon enrichment and depletion) and surface morphologies of the reactants and catalysts. , Furthermore, adding promoters such as zinc, stannum, or phosphorus further increases the complexity of direct synthesis by introducing new reaction pathways. This complexity is considered to be the main cause for the contradictory experimental results of this reaction and their controversial interpretations …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 In addition, they are also affected by the steadily changing surface compositions (silicon enrichment and depletion) and surface morphologies of the reactants and catalysts. 8,9 Furthermore, adding promoters such as zinc, stannum, or phosphorus further increases the complexity of direct synthesis by introducing new reaction pathways. This complexity is considered to be the main cause for the contradictory experimental results of this reaction and their controversial interpretations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This complexity is considered to be the main cause for the contradictory experimental results of this reaction and their controversial interpretations. 8 However, very few reviews refer to these processes. Muller 10 and Seyferth 4 narratively presented the history of organosilicon chemistry and direct synthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Direct Synthesis of Methylchlorosilanes: Catalysts, Mechanisms, Reaction Conditions, and Reactor Designs

Zhang

Dong

et al. 2022

Org. Process Res. Dev.

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Silicone polymers are produced commercially mainly from methylchlorosilanes prepared by direct synthesis. The yield and selectivity of this synthetic process depend not only on chemical reactions but also on transfer phenomena, leading to conflicting results and controversial interpretations within this research field. This review highlights recent advances in synthesis mechanisms, including catalysts and promoters, especially the effect of process parameters and reactor form on the reactivity and selectivity of the reaction. This review shows that different catalysts and their structures and promoters lead to significant differences in reaction rates and product distributions. Process parameters such as feed gas velocity and composition, reaction temperature, reaction pressure, silica fume, etc., as well as synthesis reactor structure have influenced the reaction rate and yield distribution. Although there is some consensus on understanding the influence of operating parameters, synthesis reactor structure, and reaction kinematics, further studies are still needed to elucidate the catalytic mechanism and synergistic mechanism between the reaction and transfer processes. It also reviews recent trends in these response characteristics in previously reported studies and offers important directions for future research in this field.

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