Basic principles of optical fibres

Bunge, Christian-Alexander; Beckers, Markus; Lustermann, Birgit

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100039-7.00003-8

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…From a number of material investigations, it is known, that the parameter C entering Eqs. ( 9 ) and ( 11 ) typically is ≈ 2 and that, for the materials chosen here, the slope parameter sl is of the order of 0.02–0.04 20 , 22 , 23 . The measurement of the cladding-air surface described above confirms these values, see Eq.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This stray light is included in the simulation by a statistical scatter model accounting for the direction-dependent intensity of the scattered light. One can show that the specific form of the stray light distribution is determined by the relation between the wavelength of the impinging light and the mean roughness of the material interface, which—for the polymer optical fibre material used here—is of the order of one-tenth or smaller 19 , 20 , 22 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…the refracted light for a given direction to the intensity of the 1-dimensional power spectral density (PSD), i.e. the Fourier transform of the height profile along with a scan of length L , at a certain spatial frequency f (for details see 20 , 22 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For fitting the usually strongly fluctuating PSD the so-called ABC-fit has been established 22 : where the parameters A and B are related to the roughness parameters S q and sl defined above as follows: …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental determination and ray-tracing simulation of bending losses in melt-spun polymer optical fibres

Lustermann

Quandt

Ulrich

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The damping properties and specifically the bend losses of polymer optical fibres (POFs) have so far only been documented by experimental work, investigating bending parameters such as bending radius, length, and distance of the bends. Even though damping mechanisms and causes are wellknown, no simple, generally valid formula exists. Here, a simulation technique is shown that allows producing an optical model for any bending geometries of melt-spun polymer optical fibres. The developed model takes all relevant loss mechanisms into account, especially regarding the scattering losses at the interface of core and cladding as well as those of the cladding-air interface. The latter is caused by interfacial roughness for which experimental data have been obtained by atomic force microscopy measurements. To show the validity of the simulation, the model is compared to experimental results for several fibres and a variety of geometries. The variance between model and experimental data is low (S < 4.6%). The model not only contributes to improving the understanding of the optical properties of POFs, but it also has direct applicability to the design of photonic textile sensors for medicine, where the fibres are incorporated with small bending radii.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Experimental determination and ray-tracing simulation of bending losses in melt-spun polymer optical fibres

Lustermann

Quandt

Ulrich

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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show abstract

“…Due to their mechanical flexibility and cost-efficiency, polymer optical fibers (POFs) are an attractive alternative to glass fibers [ 214 ]. An optical fiber transmits light along its axis by total internal reflection at the interface between a core and a sheath (cladding), where the refractive index of the core has to be higher than that of the cladding [ 215 ]. Common POF core materials are amorphous polymers like PMMA, PS, PCs or COPs, with PMMA having the lowest attenuation [ 66 , 69 ].…”

Section: Applications and Specialty Melt-spun Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt-Spun Fibers for Textile Applications

et al. 2020

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Textiles have a very long history, but they are far from becoming outdated. They gain new importance in technical applications, and man-made fibers are at the center of this ongoing innovation. The development of high-tech textiles relies on enhancements of fiber raw materials and processing techniques. Today, melt spinning of polymers is the most commonly used method for manufacturing commercial fibers, due to the simplicity of the production line, high spinning velocities, low production cost and environmental friendliness. Topics covered in this review are established and novel polymers, additives and processes used in melt spinning. In addition, fundamental questions regarding fiber morphologies, structure-property relationships, as well as flow and draw instabilities are addressed. Multicomponent melt-spinning, where several functionalities can be combined in one fiber, is also discussed. Finally, textile applications and melt-spun fiber specialties are presented, which emphasize how ongoing research efforts keep the high value of fibers and textiles alive.

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Fault monitoring in passive optical network through the integration of machine learning and fiber sensors

Usman

Zulkifli

Salim

et al. 2022

Int J Communication

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Summary As the deployment of fiber‐based broadband networks continues to accelerate, the number of network facilities too is increasing exponentially. The network of optical fiber cables keeps growing as the number of passive optical network (PON) customers increases, eventually leading to unforeseen faults. Several solutions are offered for monitoring the optical link in PON with the optical time‐domain reflectometer (OTDR) as the most common for point‐to‐point optical link characterization. However, the OTDR approach has been found to be inadequate for point to multipoint network fault characterizations due to numerous back‐reflected signals converging at the power splitter that cannot be identified simultaneously by the OTDR detector. Several machine learning (ML) methods have recently been introduced for successful monitoring of optical communication links, but much of the ML technique depends on data from network transceivers to train ML algorithms to identify and detect faults. However, the use of data information for monitoring purposes can have an impact on the consistency of the services offered. In this article, we consider the deployment of the fiber Bragg grating sensor to acquire the monitoring data samples used to train the ML technique for effective link characterization. The proposed solution has the advantage of having a separate monitoring source that is independent of the data transmission signal and guarantees transparent transmission of information. The proposed ML‐based technique shows up to 99% precision for the identification of fiber defect in the PON optical distribution network.

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Basic principles of optical fibres

Cited by 14 publications

References 66 publications

Experimental determination and ray-tracing simulation of bending losses in melt-spun polymer optical fibres

Experimental determination and ray-tracing simulation of bending losses in melt-spun polymer optical fibres

Melt-Spun Fibers for Textile Applications

Fault monitoring in passive optical network through the integration of machine learning and fiber sensors

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