Basic pharmacodynamics of antibacterials with clinical applications to the use of β-lactams, glycopeptides, and linezolid

Cefuroxime Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery Patients Undergoing Cardiopulmonary Bypass

“…35 Cephalosporins, such as cefuroxime, are preferred antimicrobials for prophylaxis after cardiac surgery, in part because of the activity against S aureus and S epidermis . 11 The median 8-hour postdose-simulated cefuroxime concentrations were 26.5 and 16.0 mg/L for the 2-dose and single-dose regimens, respectively.…”

Correlation between free and total vancomycin serum concentrations in patients treated for Gram-positive infections

“…Indeed, several studies indicate that a critical threshold of drug exposure [pharmacodynamically expressed as the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve divided by the MIC (AUC 24h /MIC) [30] or, in recent guidelines, as minimal trough levels in the case of discontinuous administration [7]] must be met to ensure clinical success in staphylococcal infections. Because it is the free VAN concentration that probably matters most in this context (see discussion in [7,31]), reporting total levels may be insufficient and even misleading. The same could also apply to the use of TDM values for M a n u s c r i p t prevention of nephrotoxicity (see [32] for an example with continuous infusion), since it may develop via a tubular secretion mechanism [33] that ought to be primarily related to the free rather than the total drug concentration.…”

Teicoplanin and Meropenem Prophylaxis in Open Heart Surgery- Efficacy and Safety

“…Meropenem has action against gram-negative and also gram-positive organism and due to its low toxicity, meropenem remains a suitable choice for treatment of infection in critically ill patient .It is currently established that meropenem, Like other â-Lactam antibiotics displays time dependant bactericidal activity and the percentage of the dosing interval that free drug concentrations remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration of pathogen (% FT>MIC) is the most important parameter of predicting their antibacterial efficacy. 22,23 Meropenem has action against E. coli, Kleb. pneumoniae and Psud.…”