Basic Electrical Measurements

Reaction of Local Anesthetics with Phospholipids

“…A 2.0 cm 2 area of membrane was exposed to the solutions on each side of the chamber. Resistance was measured with a Schering bridge circuit (29) by passing 5000 cPs alternating current through platinum electrodes in the solutions on either side of the membrane. A Tektronix oscilloscope was used as a null detector.…”

Shielded balanced and coaxial transmission lines - parametric measurements and instrumentation relevant to signal waveform transmission in digital service

“…Generally, for arbitrary terminations, Es(s) and Er(s) each consist of an infinite sequence of terms similar to those in (7-9) and (7-10) and have their origins in the conclusions delineated above. By using the geometric series expansion which is identical to that given by expansion of (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) which is identical to that found by expanding (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

“…What is unusual about this method of analysis is that even though a series expansion (7-11) has been used, a finite sequence of terms starting from the initial term is always an exact result out to some multiple of 85 iEmErii PM v The main purpose of this chapter is to develop the sending end response so that one would have a reference response or waveform for a given cable type; this response would then be used to evaluate the measured test response of samples of the given cable type. To conclude this section, consider (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Electrical properties of materials and their measurement at low temperatures

“…The basic techniques and apparatus are described in detail by Meaden [1] and by Gerritsen [19] as well as in many electrical measurements texts such as those by Stout [20], Gregory [21] and Wolf [22]. The Kelvin bridge method and the potentiometer method are two of the most useful classical measurement techniques.…”