Basic Directions and Mechanisms of State Policy in Arctic and Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (2000-2014)

Abstract

This paper covers the transformation of the Russian state policy in Arctic since early 2000's till now describes and assesses the factors governing its certain directions. Russia's competitive positions in the Arctic space in connection with country's economic and geopolitical presence in that area are assessed. Special attention is paid to promising projects for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the specifics of the Arctic policy of Russia at the present stage is the comprehensive approach to the development of the Russian Arctic zone and protection of national interests in that region accounting for legal, international, scientific, economic, military and other elements.

The unique dual-nature aspect of search and rescue enables competing frames: Russia, the USA, and the cruise industry

“…Russia is actively implementing its Arctic policy with dual civilian-military capabilities. Icebreakers, satellite information, and SAR centers represent an obvious boost to achieving Russia's strategic priorities in offshore mineral exploration and commercial NSR development, yet they also provide a substantial contribution to Arctic civilian SAR (Shestak, 2015).…”

“…These priorities are fivefold: (1) socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic to include improved governance, improvements to the lives of indigenous peoples, and support for natural resource development; (2) preservation of the Arctic as a zone for peace and cooperation especially in scientific research, environmental management, and enhanced transportation routes, particularly the NSR; (3) environmental security and protection of the Arctic's unique ecosystems that are especially subject to climate change through the creation of protected areas and the formation of clean-up programs in areas degraded by contamination; (4) creation of a modern Arctic information and telecommunications infrastructure; and (5) assurance of military security and protection of Russia's borders in the Arctic ('The development strategy,' 2013; Russian Federation Arctic policy, 2015; Shestak, 2015).…”