Basic and Clinical Studies on Active Hexose Correlated Comp

Miura, Tetsuji; Kitadate, Kentaro; Nishioka, Hiroshi; Wakame, Koji

doi:10.1201/9781420087123-c3

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…To examine the effect(s) of AHCC (active hexose correlated compound; Amino Up Chemical, Sapporo, Japan), an extract derived from fungi of the Basidiomycete family [19], on IFN-α1 AS RNA expression levels, Namalwa cells were maintained in R10 medium supplemented with the compound at 0.5 mg/ml and sub-cultured three times. Transfected or AHCC-treated cells were then washed and infected with 50 hemagglutination units of SeV/10 6 cells for 60 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of human interferon-α1 mRNA by its antisense RNA

Kimura

Jiang

Nishizawa

et al. 2012

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Antisense transcription is a widespread phenomenon in the mammalian genome and is believed to play a role in regulating gene expression. However, the exact functional significance of antisense transcription is largely unknown. Here, we show that natural antisense (AS) RNA is an important modulator of interferon-α1 (IFN-α1) mRNA levels. A ~4-kb, spliced IFN-α1 AS RNA targets a single-stranded region within a conserved secondary structure element of the IFN-α1 mRNA, an element which was previously reported to function as the nuclear export element. Following infection of human Namalwa lymphocytes with Sendai virus or infection of guinea pig 104C1 fetal fibroblasts with influenza virus A/PR/8/34, expression of IFN-α1 AS RNA becomes elevated. This elevated expression results in increased IFN-α1 mRNA stability because of the cytoplasmic (but not nuclear) interaction of the AS RNA with the mRNA at the single-stranded region. This results in increased IFN-α protein production. The silencing of IFN-α1 AS RNA by sense oligonucleotides or over-expression of antisense oligoribonucleotides, which were both designed from the target region, confirmed the critical role of the AS RNA in the post-transcriptional regulation of IFN-α1 mRNA levels. This AS RNA stabilization effect is caused by the prevention of the microRNA (miRNA)-induced destabilization of IFN-α1 mRNA due to masking of the miR-1270 binding site. This discovery not only reveals a regulatory pathway for controlling IFN-α1 gene expression during the host innate immune response against virus infection but also suggests a reason for the large number of overlapping complementary transcripts with previously unknown function.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00018-012-1216-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of human interferon-α1 mRNA by its antisense RNA

Kimura

Jiang

Nishizawa

et al. 2012

Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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“…AHCC is an extract produced during long‐term culture of a Basidiomycete mushroom. Although early publications state a variety of Basidiomycete mushrooms are used, more recent literature confirms that L edodes , a type of Basidiomycete mushroom, is the precursor to AHCC 3 . The manufacturing process of AHCC relies on culture of L edodes in liquid media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During long‐term culture, saccharolytic and proteolytic enzymes are produced by basidio‐mycete itself. After a period of fermentation, a process of separation, concentration, sterilization, and freeze‐drying leads to the end compound 3 . The manufacturing process is detailed in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evidence‐Based Review of a Lentinula edodes Mushroom Extract as Complementary Therapy in the Surgical Oncology Patient

Shah¹,

Walker²,

Moore-Olufemi

et al. 2011

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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The purpose of this review is to present the currently published evidence regarding the use, efficacy, potential mechanisms of action, and results of published clinical trials regarding the use of a Lentinula edodes mushroom-derived extract (active hexose correlated compound) as complementary therapy in patients with cancer. The authors explore the current preclinical and clinical evidence as it relates to this topic and its potential use in the surgical oncology patient. There has been a growing interest in stimulation of the immune system in trauma, cancer, and surgical patients in general. Little, however, has been written about some-of the supplements in widely used in Japan and China, but relatively unheard of in the United States.

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“…The presence of α-1,4-glucan, in which the hydroxyl groups of C-2 and/or C-3 position are partially acylated, is particularly reported and is considered to be one of the active ingredients [18]. Based on a survey carried out by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare research group in Japan, AHCC is the second most commonly used health food, followed by Agaricus, which is a fungus, among cancer patients in Japan [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the actual manufacturing procedure of AHCC, the mycelia of the edible shiitake are subjected to a liquid culture (15,000-L tank). After fermentation, AHCC is produced through manufacturing processes, which include separation, concentration, sterilization, and freeze-drying [18]. AHCC is certified under the "Healthy Do" system (Hokkaido Food Functionality Labelling system) in which the Hokkaido Government in Japan recognizes the conduct of scientific research on the health effects of product components.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%