Basic and Clinical Aspects of Non-neuronal Acetylcholine: Overview of Non-neuronal Cholinergic Systems and Their Biological Significance

Kawashima, Koichiro; Fujii, Takeshi

doi:10.1254/jphs.fm0070073

Cited by 161 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The subunits have been cloned from neuron-like cells or cDNA libraries obtained from vertebrate brain, but it has recently been shown that some of them are expressed by non-neuronal cell types throughout the body and have various functions. However, the nAChRs expressed in non-neuronal tissues are beyond the scope of this review and interested readers are referred elsewhere [17][18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Structure Of Thenachrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional diversity of native brain neuronal nicotinic receptors

Gotti

Clementi

Fornari

et al. 2009

Biochemical Pharmacology

421

430

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Although some of the neural circuits involved in the acute and chronic effects of nicotine have been identified, much less is known about which native nAChR subtypes are involved in specific physiological functions and pathophysiological conditions.We briefly review some recent findings concerning the structure and function of native nAChRs, focusing on the subtypes identified in the meso-striatal and habenulo-interpeduncular pathways, two systems involved in nicotine reinforcement and withdrawal. We also discuss recent findings concerning the effect of chronic nicotine on the expression of native subtypes.

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Section: Structure Of Thenachrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and functional diversity of native brain neuronal nicotinic receptors

Gotti

Clementi

Fornari

et al. 2009

Biochemical Pharmacology

421

430

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In mammals, Ach induces vascular smooth muscle relaxation by activation of muscarinic receptors expressed in endothelial cells (Furchgott and Zawadzki, 1980). Molecular approach has demonstrated the presence of muscarinic receptors type 1-3 in arterial vessels (See review, Kawashima and Fujii, 2008). Furthermore, pharmacological studies support the presence of functional muscarinic receptors type 1 and 3 (Norel et al, 1996).…”

Section: Vascular Response To Acetylcholinementioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular function in arteries of intertidal fish Girella laevifrons(Kyphosidae)

Moraga¹,

Urriola-Urriola²

2014

Braz. J. Biol.

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Preliminary studies showed that dorsal artery contraction mediated by acetylcholine (ACh) is blocked with indomethacin in intertidal fish (Girella laevifrons). Our objective was to characterise the cholinergic pathway in several artery vessels of the G. laevifrons. Afferent and efferent branchial, dorsal and mesenteric arteries were dissected of 6 juvenile specimens, isometric tension studies were done using dose response curves (DRC) for Ach (10 -13 to 10 -3 M), and cholinergic pathways were obtained by blocking with atropine or indomethacin. CRC to ACh showed a pattern of high and low sensitivity. Furthermore, these contractions were blocked in the presence of atropine and indomethacin in all vessels. Our results suggest that contraction observed with acetylcholine is mediated by receptors that activate a cyclooxygenase contraction pathway.Keywords: intertidal fish, vascular reactivity, acetylcholine, atropine, indomethacin, cycloxygenase. Função vascular nas artérias do peixe marinhoGirella laevifrons (Kyphosidae) ResumoEstudos preliminares mostraram que a contração da artéria dorsal mediada por acetilcolina (ACh) é bloqueada com indometacina em peixes marinhos Girella laevifrons. Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar a via colinérgica em várias artérias de G. laevifrons. Artérias aferentes e eferentes branquiais, dorsais e mesentéricas foram dissecadas de 6 espécimes juvenis. Os estudos de tensão isométrica foram feitos utilizando-se a curva dose -resposta (CDR) para Ach (10 -13 a 10 -3 M), e identificaram-se as vias colinérgicas, bloqueando com atropina e indometacina. CRC para ACh mostrou um padrão de alta e baixa sensibilidade. Essas contrações foram bloqueadas na presença de atropina e indometacina em todas as artérias avaliadas. Nossos resultados sugerem que a contração observada com acetilcolina é mediada por receptores muscarínicos que ativam uma ciclo-oxigenase.

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“…Since there is increasing evidence of the relevant role of nonneuronal nAChRs ligands in nicotinic function and modulation (Miwa et al, 1999;Grando, 2008;Kawashima & Fujii, 2008), we tested and confirmed the expression of lynx1, the endogenous modulator of a7 receptor, in the bovine retina and RPE. We also showed the expression of other members of the Ly-6/neurotoxin gene family in rat retina: lynx1, RGD1308195, and SLURP-1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evidence of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells

et al. 2010

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Some evidence suggests that retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) can express nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) as described for other epithelial cells, where nAChRs have been involved in processes such as cell development, cell death, cell migration, and angiogenesis. This study is designed to determine the expression and activity of a7 nAChRs in RPE cells. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR was performed to test the expression of nicotinic a7 subunit in bovine RPE cells. Protein expression was determined by Western blot and by immunocytochemistry. Expression of nicotinic a7 subunits was also analyzed in cryostat sections of albino rat retina. Changes in protein expression were tested under hypoxic conditions. Functional nAChRs were studied by examining the Ca 2+ transients elicited by nicotine and acetylcholine stimulation in fura-2-loaded cells. Expression of endogenous modulators of nAChRs was analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blot in retina and RPE. Cultured bovine RPE cells expressed nicotinic receptors containing a7 subunit. RT-PCR amplified the expected specific a7 fragment. Western blotting showed expression at the protein level, with a specific band being found at 57 kDa in both cultured and freshly isolated RPE cells. Expression of nAChRs was confirmed for cultured cells by immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry confirmed a7 receptor expression in rat RPE retina. a7 receptor expression was down-regulated by long-term hypoxia. A small subpopulation of RPE cultured cells showed functional nAChRs, as evidenced by the selective response elicited by nicotine and acetylcholine stimulation. Expression of the endogenous nicotinic receptors' modulator lynx1 was confirmed in bovine retina and RPE, and expression of lynx1 and other endogenous nicotinic receptor modulators (SLURP1 and RGD1308195) were also confirmed in rat retina. These results suggest that nAChRs could have a significant role in RPE, which may not be related to the traditional role in nerve transmission but could more likely be related to the nonneuronal cholinergic system in the eye.

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Basic and Clinical Aspects of Non-neuronal Acetylcholine: Overview of Non-neuronal Cholinergic Systems and Their Biological Significance

Cited by 161 publications

References 73 publications

Structural and functional diversity of native brain neuronal nicotinic receptors

Structural and functional diversity of native brain neuronal nicotinic receptors

Vascular function in arteries of intertidal fish Girella laevifrons(Kyphosidae)

Evidence of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression in retinal pigment epithelial cells

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