Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Pain Pathways

Bourne, Sarah K.; Machado, André G.; Nagel, Sean J.

doi:10.1016/j.nec.2014.06.001

Cited by 93 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The International Association for Study of Pain defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. Perception of pain requires actualization of three stages: activation of nociceptive receptors, relay of the message to and through to the central nervous system, and pain response [11]. Unfortunately, like any finely tuned system, pain perception can become dysregulated.…”

Section: Pain Definitions and Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Peripheral Nerve Surgeon in the Treatment of Pain

Poppler

Mackinnon

2019

Neurotherapeutics

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Pain is a frequent cause of physician visits. Many physicians find these patients challenging because they often have complicated histories, emotional comorbidities, confusing examinations, difficult problems to fix, and the possibility of factitious complaints for attention or narcotic pain medications. As a result, many patients are lumped into the category of chronic, centralized pain and relegated to pain management. However, recent literature suggests that surgical management of carefully diagnosed generators of pain can greatly reduce patients' pain and narcotic requirements. This article reviews recent literature on surgical management of pain and four specific sources of chronic pain amenable to surgical treatment: painful neuroma, nerve compression, myofascial/ musculoskeletal pain, and complex regional pain syndrome type II.

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Section: Pain Definitions and Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Peripheral Nerve Surgeon in the Treatment of Pain

Poppler

Mackinnon

2019

Neurotherapeutics

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“…The somatic pain is well localized and often decreased or even evaporates within 2-3 days. Second, visceral pain that has two origins as abdominal organs and peritoneum manipulation during operation and uterine involution process (after pain) (Bourne et al, 2014). Visceral pain is diffuse and takes longer time than somatic pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Post Cesarean Section Pain, Quality of Sleep and Physical Activities Limitation

Ismail¹,

Elgzar²

2018

IJSN

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Background: Pain, sleep disturbances, and physical activity limitation are the most tiresome complains of the women post caesarian section (Cs). Progressive muscle relaxation is a promising intervention for these complains. This study aimed to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on post-cesarean section pain, quality of sleep and physical activities limitation. Research design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: post-partum unit at Damanhour National Medical Institute. Sample: A purposive sample of 80 women undergoing Cs was recruited. Randomization block was done to randomly assign 40 women for the study group and 40 for the control group. Tools: Four tools were used for data collection: structured interview schedule, short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Physical activities limitation Questionnaire and Groningen Sleep Quality Scale. Results: After the intervention, PMR significantly decreased pain severity among study group in Pain Rating Index scale, Visual analogue pain scale, and Present Pain Intensity scale compared to the control group. The severe physical activities limitation significantly absent from the entire study group, while it was significantly present among 70% of the control group. About two-thirds (62.5%) of the study group had a good quality of sleep compared to 5% of the control group. Conclusion: PMR significantly decreased pain, improved physical activities and quality of sleep among women after Cs. Recommendation: PMR should be incorporated in the nursing intervention protocols post-Cs.

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“…It seems that ACC is involved in the emotional reaction to pain rather than to the perception of pain itself . These motivational‐affective characteristics of pain were tempered by lesioning of the cingulate cortex, particularly in patients with chronic cancer pain . Previous studies demonstrated that ongoing pain measured via CPP was relieved by lesions of neurons originating from rostral ACC in multiple rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44 These motivational-affective characteristics of pain were tempered by lesioning of the cingulate cortex, particularly in patients with chronic cancer pain. 45 Previous studies demonstrated that ongoing pain measured via CPP was relieved by lesions of neurons originating from rostral ACC in multiple rat models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. 15,46,47 In the present study we observed hyperalgesia and ongoing pain in BCP rats but the expression of GDNF in the ACC did not differ between BCP, sham and naive rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normalizing GDNF expression in the spinal cord alleviates cutaneous hyperalgesia but not ongoing pain in a rat model of bone cancer pain

Ding

Zhang

et al. 2016

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Bone cancer pain (BCP) is the most common complication in patients with bone cancer. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is believed to be involved in chronic pain conditions. In this article, the expression and roles of GDNF were studied in a rat model of BCP induced by tibia injection of Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells. Significant mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and ongoing pain were observed beginning as early as day 5 post injection. The expression level of GDNF protein examined on day 16 after tibia injection was decreased in the L3 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and lumbar spinal cord, but not in other spinal levels or the anterior cingulate cortex. Phosphorylation of Ret, the receptor for GDNF family ligands, was also decreased. Furthermore, normalizing GDNF expression with lentiviral vector constructs in the spinal cord significantly reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, spinal glial activation, and pERK induction induced by tibia injection, but did not affect ongoing pain. Together these findings provide new evidence for the use of GDNF as a therapeutic treatment for bone cancer pain states.

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Basic Anatomy and Physiology of Pain Pathways

Cited by 93 publications

References 44 publications

The Role of the Peripheral Nerve Surgeon in the Treatment of Pain

The Role of the Peripheral Nerve Surgeon in the Treatment of Pain

The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Post Cesarean Section Pain, Quality of Sleep and Physical Activities Limitation

Normalizing GDNF expression in the spinal cord alleviates cutaneous hyperalgesia but not ongoing pain in a rat model of bone cancer pain

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