Baseline Risk Factors that Predict the Development of Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Population

Jiang, Xuejuan; Varma, Rohit; Wu, Shuang; Torres, Mina; Azen, Stanley P.; Francis, Brian A.; Chopra, Vikás; Nguyen, B.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.05.030

Cited by 118 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…It has already been postulated that an increase in the axis of the eye results in a subsequent increase in stressor forces on the sclera. In the prospective Los Angeles Latino Eye study (LALES), individuals with axial myopia had higher baseline levels of IOP and greater rates of POAG with a sharp increase in incidence in eyes longer than 25mm(7;8). …”

Section: Competing Theories Of Molecular Underpinnings Of Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Genetics in African Americans

Restrepo

Bailey

2017

Curr Genet Med Rep

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Purpose of review Individuals of African descent are at highest risk for developing primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), a devastating disease and major contributor of blindness worldwide. Currently, there is a large dearth of knowledge in this area despite a critical need for better understanding the underlying genetic and environmental factors afflicting this population. Here we highlight the current literature exploring the genetics of POAG in African Americans. Recent findings Current studies have yet to replicate European POAG index variants (i.e. CDKN2B-AS1 and SIX1/SIX6) in African Americans or to definitely exclude that these loci contribute to risk in African descent populations. Recent studies have evaluated clinical features that may account for some differences in POAG risk between African Americans and European Americans. Summary In summary, little headway has been made in elucidating the genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma in African Americans and other individuals of African descent.

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Section: Competing Theories Of Molecular Underpinnings Of Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Genetics in African Americans

Restrepo

Bailey

2017

Curr Genet Med Rep

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“…Previous epidemiologic studies associated thinner corneas with increased risk of glaucoma and glaucoma progression [28,29]. The physiologic basis for this increased risk is difficult to determine.…”

Section: Oxygen and The Risk Of Glaucomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserve the (intraocular) environment: the importance of maintaining normal oxygen gradients in the eye

et al. 2014

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Oxygen levels in the eye are generally low and tightly regulated. Oxygen enters the eye largely by diffusion from retinal arterioles and through the cornea. In intact eyes, oxygen from the retinal arterioles diffuses into the vitreous body. There is a decreasing oxygen gradient from the retina to the lens, established by oxygen consumption by ascorbate in the vitreous fluid and lens metabolism. Age-related degeneration of the vitreous body or removal during vitrectomy exposes the posterior of the lens to increased oxygen, causing nuclear sclerotic cataracts. Lowering oxygen in the vitreous, as occurs in patients with ischemic diabetic retinopathy, protects against cataracts after vitrectomy. Vitrectomy and cataract surgery increase oxygen levels at the trabecular meshwork and with it the risk of open angle glaucoma. Two additional risk factors for glaucoma, African heritage and having a thinner cornea, are also associated with increased oxygen in the anterior chamber angle. Preservation of the vitreous body and the lens, two important oxygen consumers, would protect against nuclear sclerotic cataracts and open angle glaucoma. Delaying removal of the lens for as long as possible after vitrectomy would be an important step in delaying ocular hypertension and glaucoma progression.

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“…CCT is also an important endophenotype for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Most notably, thin CCT has been found to be associated with POAG in multiple epidemiologic studies (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Therefore, understanding the factors that influence CCT may help to better predict CCT and potentially, POAG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide association study identifiesWNT7Bas a novel locus for central corneal thickness in Latinos

Gao¹,

Nannini²,

Corrao³

et al. 2016

Hum. Mol. Genet.

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The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye and is a vital component of focusing incoming light on the retina. Central corneal thickness (CCT) is now recognized to have a significant role in ocular health and is a risk factor for various ocular diseases, such as keratoconus and primary open angle glaucoma. Most previous genetic studies utilized European and Asian subjects to identify genetic loci associated with CCT. Minority populations, such as Latinos, may aid in identifying additional loci and improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of CCT. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Latinos, a traditionally understudied population in genetic research, to further identify loci contributing to CCT. Study participants were genotyped using either the Illumina OmniExpress BeadChip (~730K markers) or the Illumina Hispanic/SOL BeadChip (~2.5 million markers). All study participants were 40 years of age and older. We assessed the association between individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and CCT using linear regression, adjusting for age, gender, and principal components of genetic ancestry. To expand genomic coverage and to interrogate additional SNPs, we imputed SNPs from the 1000 Genomes Project reference panels. We identified a novel SNP, rs10453441 (P = 6.01E-09), in an intron of WNT7B that is associated with CCT. Furthermore, WNT7B is expressed in the human cornea. We also replicated 11 previously reported loci, including IBTK, RXRA-COL5A1, COL5A1, FOXO1, LRRK1, and ZNF469 (P < 1.25E-3). These findings provide further insight into the genetic architecture of CCT and illustrate that the use of minority groups in GWAS will help identify additional loci.3

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Baseline Risk Factors that Predict the Development of Open-Angle Glaucoma in a Population

Cited by 118 publications

References 43 publications

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Genetics in African Americans

Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Genetics in African Americans

Preserve the (intraocular) environment: the importance of maintaining normal oxygen gradients in the eye

Genome-wide association study identifiesWNT7Bas a novel locus for central corneal thickness in Latinos

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