Baseline Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Heart-Rate Responses during Auditory Stimulation of Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Shibagaki, Masamitsu; Furuya, Takeshi

doi:10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.967

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An increase in LF/HF ratio signifies that there was sympathovagal imbalance with sympathetic dominance [13] . Similar results were obtained in studies carried out by Shibagaki and Furuya [19] and Beauchaine et al [20] . In the study carried out by Shibagaki and Furuya [19] , high frequency component of HRV was reduced in children with ADHD as compared to controls during baseline and listening tasks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Similar results were obtained in studies carried out by Shibagaki and Furuya [19] and Beauchaine et al [20] . In the study carried out by Shibagaki and Furuya [19] , high frequency component of HRV was reduced in children with ADHD as compared to controls during baseline and listening tasks. In the study carried out by Beauchaine et al [20] , high frequency component of HRV was significantly lower in ADHD/conduct disorder group compared to ADHD and control group during baseline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Some studies have assessed HRV in ADHD and have shown that there is autonomic dysregulation. Studies carried out by Shibagaki and Furuya [19] , Beauchaine et al [20] , Buchhorn et al [21,22] and Musser et al [23] showed decreased vagal tone in ADHD. However, studies carried out by Börger et al [24] , Crowell et al [25] , Negrao et al [26] and Wang et al [27] show that there is parasympathetic overarousal in ADHD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heart Rate Variability in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

Rukmani¹,

Seshadri²,

Thennarasu

et al. 2016

Ann Neurosci

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Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder. Autonomic nervous system plays a vital role in attention, self-regulation, emotional stability and social affiliation, which are affected in ADHD. The prefrontal cortex, which is vital for attention, motor control, emotional regulation and higher order autonomic control, is hypofunctional in ADHD. In addition, catecholamine dysregulation is there. Purpose: We hypothesized that there is autonomic dysfunction: reduction in overall heart rate variability (HRV) and sympathovagal imbalance in children with ADHD. Methods: Study criteria were drug-naïve ADHD children who were 7-12 years of age of either gender who fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and did not have any associated comorbid psychiatric/neurological/medical disorders. Two hundred and seventy ADHD children were screened out of which only 12 were found eligible and 10 participated. Sample size was 20 (cases = 10, age- and gender-matched healthy controls = 10). Short-term HRV of both time and frequency domains were assessed by recording lead II electrocardiogram after using Tell-Show-Do, a behavior shaping technique. Comparison between groups was done using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon test. Demographic variables like age, height, weight and body mass index were similar between groups. Results: Among time domain parameters, SD of all NN intervals, square root of the mean of the sum of squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals and percentage of count of number of pairs of adjacent NN intervals differing by more than 50 ms were reduced in ADHD group with p < 0.05. Among frequency domain parameters, total power was reduced in ADHD group with p < 0.05, high frequency power (HF) was reduced in ADHD group with p < 0.01 and low frequency power to HF ratio was higher in ADHD group with p < 0.01. Conclusion: There is autonomic dysfunction in children with ADHD - reduction in overall HRV with sympathovagal imbalance with sympathetic dominance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heart Rate Variability in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

Rukmani¹,

Seshadri²,

Thennarasu

et al. 2016

Ann Neurosci

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“…It is therefore very interesting to note that children with ADHD, who are generally more impulsive and aggressive than controls, have been found to have a lower resting HR than control subjects. These results do not support the parasympathetic nervous system findings from Crowell et al [24] , which indicate that stimulant-free children with ADHD do not differ from agematched controls with regard to parasympathetic nervous system activity, or the results of Shibagaki and Furuya [39] , which suggest that children with ADHD display an underactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system when compared to controls. A possible reason for the difference in findings from those of Crowell et al [24] could be that Crowell et al simply looked at the HF component of HRV as a measure of parasympathetic nervous system activity in their patients.…”

Section: Baseline Autonomic Nervous System Activitycontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…In addition, very little is known about parasympathetic nervous system functioning in ADHD. While Crowell et al [24] found that children with ADHD do not differ from control subjects with regard to parasympathetic nervous system activity, results from the study by Shibagaki and Furuya [39] suggest that children with ADHD display a level of parasympathetic underarousal. What is overlooked is the fact that the functional outcome is dependent on the autonomic balance, rather than merely sympathetic or parasympathetic activation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Autonomic Correlates at Rest and during Evoked Attention in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Effects of Methylphenidate

Negrao

Bipath²,

Westhuizen³

et al. 2010

Neuropsychobiology

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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess autonomic nervous system functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to examine the effects of methylphenidate and focussed attention. Method: Children with ADHD (n = 19) were tested while they were stimulant free and during a period in which they were on stimulants. On both occasions, autonomic nervous system functioning was tested at baseline and during focussed attention. Autonomic nervous system functioning of control subjects was also tested at baseline and during focussed attention. Autonomic nervous system activity was determined by means of heart rate variability (HRV) and skin conductivity analyses. Attention was evoked by means of the BioGraph Infiniti biofeedback apparatus. HRV was determined by time domain, frequency domain and Poincaré analysis of RR interval data. Skin conductivity was determined by the BioGraph Infiniti biofeedback apparatus. Results: The main findings of this study were (a) that stimulant-free children with ADHD showed a sympathetic underarousal and parasympathetic overarousal of the sympathovagal balance relative to control subjects; (b) methylphenidate shifted the autonomic balance of children with ADHD towards normal levels; however, a normal autonomic balance was not reached, and (c) stimulant-free children with ADHD exhibited a shift in the sympathovagal balance towards the sympathetic nervous system from baseline to focussed attention; however, methylphenidate appeared to abolish this shift. Conclusions: Stimulant-free children with ADHD have a parasympathetic dominance of the autonomic balance, relative to control subjects. Methylphenidate attempts to restore the normal autonomic balance in children with ADHD, but inhibits the normal autonomic nervous system response to a cognitive challenge. Clinical Applications: These results indicate that methylphenidate may have a suppressive effect on the normal stress response. Although this may be of benefit to those who interact with children who suffer from ADHD, the implications for the physiological and psychological well-being of the children themselves are debatable. Further research is needed. Limitations of the Study: Only 19 children with ADHD and 18 control subjects were tested. Further studies should include prior testing in order to exclude children with possible co-existing learning disabilities. Cognitive function and emotional responses of children with ADHD were not tested.

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The impact of an emotional self-management skills course on psychosocial functioning and autonomic recovery to stress in middle school children

McCraty

Atkinson

Tomasino

et al. 1999

Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science

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Unmanaged emotional reactions to stress not only lead to behavior problems in young people but also create physiological conditions that inhibit learning and potentially increase the risk of disease later in life. For these reasons, the integration of emotional self-management skills training programs has become an increased priority in some schools. In this study, middle school students enrolled in a course in emotional competence skills learned techniques designed to intercept stressful responses during emotionally challenging situations. Behavioral outcomes were assessed using the Achievement Inventory Measure and autonomic function was measured by heart rate variability (HRV) analysis during and after a stressful interview. Following the program, students exhibited significant improvements in areas including stress and anger management, risky behavior, work management and focus, and relationships with family, peers and teachers. These improvements were sustained over the following six months. Students using the skills taught in the course to recover from acute emotional stress were also able to positively modulate their physiological stress responses. As compared to a control group, trained students demonstrated significantly increased HRV and more rhythmic, sine wave-like heart rhythm patterns during recovery. This response pattern reflects increased parasympathetic activity, heart rhythm coherence, and entrainment of other biological oscillatory systems to the primary heart rhythm frequency. Increased physiological coherence is associated with improved cognitive performance, emotional balance, mental clarity and health outcomes. These physiological shifts could promote the sustained psychological and behavioral improvements associated with the use of emotional management skills. It is suggested that learning emotional competence skills in childhood establishes healthier physiological response patterns which can benefit learning and long-term health. Results provide support for the integration in school curricula of courses designed to teach effective self-management skills to children.

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Baseline Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Heart-Rate Responses during Auditory Stimulation of Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Heart Rate Variability in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

Heart Rate Variability in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

Autonomic Correlates at Rest and during Evoked Attention in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Effects of Methylphenidate

The impact of an emotional self-management skills course on psychosocial functioning and autonomic recovery to stress in middle school children

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