Baseline Performance of High School Rugby Players on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5

Black, Amanda M.; Miutz, Lauren N; Kv, Vineetha Warriyar; Schneider, Kathryn; Yeates, Keith Owen; Emery, Carolyn A.

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-123-19

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…Chronic mTBI patients completed the NSI symptom questionnaire, which is widely used in assessment of mTBI symptoms [23,44]. The NSI and subscales [45] have acceptable reliability in characterising presence and tracking severity of symptoms in TBI [45,46]. Therefore, the NSI is widely used in clinical practice and remains the cornerstone of clinical symptom assessment and supports the use as reference in this study.…”

Section: Self-reported Symptomssupporting

confidence: 57%

Free-living Turning Rather Than Gait Differentiates People with Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury from Controls

Powell¹,

Godfrey²,

Parrington³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Physical function remains a crucial component of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) assessment and recovery. Traditional approaches to assess mTBI lack sensitivity to subtle deficits post-injury, which can impact quality of life, daily function and can lead to chronic issues. Inertial measurement units (IMU) provide an objective alternative for measuring physical function of gait and turning and can be used in any environment. Our recent work has found that turning quality is more sensitive than the quantity of physical activity when comparing chronic mTBI and healthy controls. However, no studies have compared the quality of free-living gait and turning characteristics concurrently in chronic mTBI and healthy controls. This study aimed to determine whether free-living gait or turning is more sensitive in differentiating chronic mTBI from controls.Methods: Thirty-two people with chronic self-reported balance symptoms after mTBI (age: 40.88 ± 11.78 years, median days post injury: 440.68 days) and 23 healthy controls (age: 48.56 ± 22.56 years) were assessed for ~7 days using a single IMU at the waist on a belt. Free-living gait and turning characteristics were evaluated for chronic mTBI and controls using multi-variate analysis. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and Area Under the Curve (AUC) analysis were used to determine outcome sensitivity to chronic mTBI.Results: Free-living gait characteristics were not different in chronic mTBI and controls (all p>0.05). In contrast, all but two (number of turns and average velocity CV) free-living turning characteristics were significantly different between chronic mTBI and controls, whilst controlling for age and sex (Bonferroni adjusted p<0.002). The chronic mTBI group had larger turn angles and longer turn durations compared to controls. ROC and AUC analysis showed turn duration (AUC = 0.92) was the most sensitive measure for differentiating chronic mTBI from controls. Conclusions: Results show that turning rather than gait characteristics were significantly different between chronic mTBI and controls, with turn duration being the most sensitive measure. These results suggest turning is a suitable surrogate biomarker to assess and monitor chronic mTBI.

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Section: Self-reported Symptomssupporting

confidence: 57%

Free-living Turning Rather Than Gait Differentiates People with Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury from Controls

Powell¹,

Godfrey²,

Parrington³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…A sample of high school rugby players obtained a median total score on Immediate Memory of 23 for men and 21 for women, and scores of 7 in Delayed Recall and 3 in Digits Backward for the combined sample. 30 A large sample of rugby union athletes achieved an average of 21.5 (SD=3.7; median=21) on Immediate Memory and 7.1 (SD=1.9; median=7) on Delayed Recall. 31 All of these studies determined that the ten-word list largely eliminated the ceiling effects found on the five-word lists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Use of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) in professional hockey, part 1: cross-cultural normative data

Echemendía¹,

Thelen

Meeuwisse³

et al. 2020

Br J Sports Med

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ObjectivesThis paper provides comprehensive normative data stratified by language preference and age on the components of the National Hockey League (NHL) Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) in a multilingual sample of professional ice hockey players and compares the findings from a paper form of the NHL SCAT5 with an electronic (App) version of the tool.MethodsA total of 1924 male NHL and American Hockey League (AHL) players (ages 17–41) were assessed during preseason medical evaluations (baseline); 1881 were assessed with the NHL SCAT5 App via tablet and 43 received the paper version of the NHL Modified SCAT5.ResultsNo significant differences between the App and paper modes of administration emerged in a subsample of English preference players. Significant SCAT5 differences among language preference groups emerged on measures of cognitive functioning (Immediate Memory,Concentration). No language preference differences emerged on the Delayed Recall component. Using age as a continuous variable, older participants outperformed younger players on Immediate Memory, Delayed Recall and Concentration. Players wearing skates demonstrated significantly more modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) total errors than barefoot players. Normative data tables for language preference groups are presented.ConclusionsSignificant differences were found between English and non-English language preference groups on the components of SCAT5, which suggest that language-specific normative data, rather than aggregated normative data, are preferable when interpreting test scores. Similarly, age-specific normative data tables may provide greater precision in data interpretation. Due to clear ceiling effects on the mBESS single leg and tandem stances, players should not be tested while wearing skates.

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“…16 It is possible that performance in these domains experiences a ceiling effect and therefore scaling and multimodal testing is vital. 5,17 These domains of the SCAT may have lower clinical utility for concussion diagnosis in cricket, particularly if considered independently, however further research is needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concussion in cricket: Clinical findings using Sport Concussion Assessment Tool and recovery timeframes

Lallenec

Saw

Kountouris

et al. 2021

Journal of Concussion

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Objectives To retrospectively review data of concussed and non-concussed elite cricket athletes following head impact to describe which clinical features on the day of injury are associated with concussion diagnosis. A secondary aim was to describe the recovery time of concussed athletes. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods This study reviewed five seasons of Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) data and clinical records for elite male and female cricket athletes who sustained a head impact during a cricket match or training. Results Data from 30 concussed and 37 non-concussed athletes were compared. Symptoms of ‘don’t feel right’ and ‘feeling slowed down’ had the strongest clinical utility for a concussion diagnosis post head impact. Concussed athletes reported a significantly lower ‘percent of normal’ (median 60%, IQR 60–90%) compared to athletes who sustained a non-concussive head impact (median 99%, IQR 95–100%, p = 0.003). No other component of the SCAT distinguished concussed from non-concussed athletes on day of injury. Concussed athletes typically experienced symptom resolution within 2–8 days and completed a graded return to play protocol within 4–14 days. No differences in SCAT findings or recovery times were observed between genders. Conclusion The SCAT may be used as a clinical tool to assist in diagnosis of concussionin elite cricket athletes. The components of the SCAT with the greatest clinical utility on day of injury were athlete-reported symptoms and ‘percent of normal’. Concussed cricket athletes typically complete their graded return to play protocol within 14 days however individualised management is paramount.

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Baseline Performance of High School Rugby Players on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Free-living Turning Rather Than Gait Differentiates People with Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury from Controls

Free-living Turning Rather Than Gait Differentiates People with Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury from Controls

Use of the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) in professional hockey, part 1: cross-cultural normative data

Concussion in cricket: Clinical findings using Sport Concussion Assessment Tool and recovery timeframes

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