Baseline neuropsychiatric symptoms are effect modifiers in Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761®) treatment of dementia with neuropsychiatric features. Retrospective data analyses of a randomized controlled trial

Efficacy ofGinkgo bilobaextract EGb 761®in dementia with behavioural and psychological symptoms: A systematic review

“…Whether our fi ndings can be extrapolated to patients with very severe BPSD remains uncertain. Analyses reported by Ihl et al (2010) suggest that treatment benefi ts increase with increasing severity of BPSD, at least up to NPI Downloaded by [Universitaire De Lausanne] at 05:34 31 August 2015…”

“…The presence of BPSD is associated with a faster progression to severe dementia (Rabins et al 2013) and has a negative impact on the patients ' quality of life (Banerjee et al 2009;Karttunen et al 2011). Clinical trials of EGb 761 ® and an earlier systematic review found BPSD to be effect modifi ers in the treatment of dementia (Schneider et al 2005;Ihl et al 2010;Janssen et al 2010). The biological mechanisms underlying this effect are not fully understood, but they may be related to vascular effects of EGb 761 ® .…”

Ginkgolide B reduces neuronal cell apoptosis in the hemorrhagic rat brain: Possible involvement of Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B pathway

“…biloba extracts such as EGb-761 have been suggested to have a multitude of beneficial effects on central nervous system function, from enhancing cognitive function in dementia to facilitating recovery from acute forms of neural damage (Attella et al, 1989;van Dongen et al, 2000van Dongen et al, , 2003Clark et al, 2001;Vellas et al, 2006;Andrieu et al, 2008;Fang et al, 2010;Ihl et al, 2010). Since the EGb-761 contains many compounds including ginkgolides, it is not clear which of these compounds provide the protective effect and its mechanism remains to be studied.…”

“…Since the development of this extract in 1964, its effects on an extensive range of disorders and diseases have been investigated. Most notably, these include cerebral insufficiency, dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, and traumatic brain injury (Attella et al, 1989;van Dongen et al, 2000van Dongen et al, , 2003Clark et al, 2001;Vellas et al, 2006;Andrieu et al, 2008;Fang et al, 2010;Ihl et al, 2010). G. biloba extracts contain flavonoid and terpenoid substances.…”

Ginkgolide B Reduces Neuronal Cell Apoptosis in the Traumatic Rat Brain: Possible Involvement of Toll‐like Receptor 4 and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Pathway

“…Since the development of this extract in 1964, its effects on an extensive range of disorders and diseases have been investigated. Most notably, these include cerebral insufficiency, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, dementia, and traumatic brain injury (Attella et al ., ; van Dongen et al ., , ; Clark et al ., ; Vellas et al ., ; Andrieu et al ., ; Ihl et al ., ). Ginkgo biloba extracts contain flavonoid and terpenoid substances.…”