Baseline Hematologic Results for Free-ranging White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) in Kruger National Park, South Africa

Miller, Michele; Buss, Peter; Wanty, Rachel; Parsons, Sven D.C.; Helden, Paul van; Olea‐Popelka, Francisco

doi:10.7589/2015-03-081

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…RBC and hemoglobin values were significantly higher ( P <0.05) in juvenile than in adult pangolins. Similar findings such as higher RBC were previously observed in younger animals [31, 32, 38]. The MCV was significantly higher in adults than in juvenile Sunda pangolins.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Hematological and serum biochemical parameters of rescued Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) in Singapore

Ahmad

Samsuddin

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) population in Southeast Asia faces threats such as poaching and deforestation. Health assessments of rescued individuals including physical examination and blood work are crucial for clinicians to determine the health status of these animals. The establishments of reference intervals of hematology and serum biochemistry are important for identifying clinical abnormalities. The objectives of our study were to establish blood reference intervals for Sunda pangolins, to determine if there are age and sex related differences in hematology and serum biochemistry, and to compare our results with those of a previous study on confiscated Sunda pangolins in Thailand. Fifty-eight Sunda pangolins were rescued between January 2011 and December 2015. The hematology and serum biochemistry results of 51 clinically normal Sunda pangolins were selected for the establishment of the blood reference intervals. No sex related differences were noted in this study. Age-related differences were observed, in which adult Sunda pangolins had a significantly higher mean corpuscular volume than juveniles, and juvenile Sunda pangolins had significantly higher red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels than those of the adults (P<0.05). Age-related differences were also noted in several serum biochemistry parameters: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly higher in juveniles, and total protein was significantly higher in adult Sunda pangolins. Compared to a previous study the white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, and ALP were higher, and the lymphocyte counts were lower in the present study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The MCV was significantly higher in adults than in juvenile Sunda pangolins. Similar findings have been reported in Chinese Pangolins [11, 26] and in southern white rhinos [31]. The lower MCV values in juvenile pangolins are possibly due to the gradual replacement of fetal hemoglobin by adult hemoglobin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Hematological and serum biochemical parameters of rescued Sunda pangolins (Manis javanica) in Singapore

Ahmad

Samsuddin

et al. 2018

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Blood was collected in EDTA, lithium heparin, and serum vacutainers (Fisher Scientific, Suwanee, Georgia 30024, USA) from the radial vein. White and red blood cell counts, platelet counts, and red blood cell parameters were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer (Vet ABC, Scil Animal Care Company, Gurnee, IL 60031, USA) as previously described [19]. Packed cell volumes (PCV) and total protein values were measured manually using a microhematocrit centrifuge and refractometer, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Mycobacterium bovis infection in three white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum): Susceptibility, clinical and anatomical pathology

et al. 2017

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Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is endemic in the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) population in the Kruger National Park and other conservation areas in South Africa. The disease has been diagnosed in a total of 21 free ranging or semi-free ranging wildlife species in the country with highly variable presentations in terms of clinical signs as well as severity and distribution of tuberculous lesions. Most species are spillover or dead-end hosts without significant role in the epidemiology of the disease. White rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) are translocated from the Kruger National Park in substantial numbers every year and a clear understanding of their risk to manifest overt tuberculosis disease and to serve as source of infection to other species is required. We report the findings of experimental infection of three white rhinoceroses with a moderately low dose of a virulent field isolate of Mycobacterium bovis. None of the animals developed clinical signs or disseminated disease. The susceptibility of the white rhinoceros to bovine tuberculosis was confirmed by successful experimental infection based on the ante mortem isolation of M. bovis from the respiratory tract of one rhinoceros, the presence of acid-fast organisms and necrotizing granulomatous lesions in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes and the detection of M. bovis genetic material by PCR in the lungs of two animals.

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“…In addition to physical and behavioral monitoring, the measurement of analytes in blood, urine, and feces provides crucial information regarding hematologic status, organ function, metabolism, nutritional status, presence of inflammation, and hormonal status. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Unfortunately, although we have hematologic data from both human-managed and wild rhinoceros species, there is a paucity of biochemistry data from wild rhinoceros populations, at least partially due to lack of access to traditional laboratory equipment in remote field settings. 9, 13,24,25,32 The objective of the study was to develop an inexpensive manual centrifugation method capable of separating serum that could be used for future field applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] Unfortunately, although we have hematologic data from both human-managed and wild rhinoceros species, there is a paucity of biochemistry data from wild rhinoceros populations, at least partially due to lack of access to traditional laboratory equipment in remote field settings. 9, 13,24,25,32 The objective of the study was to develop an inexpensive manual centrifugation method capable of separating serum that could be used for future field applications. We modified a consumer-grade salad spinner using inexpensive and readily accessible materials to securely hold standard laboratory tubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a manually operated salad spinner centrifuge for serum separation in the healthy domestic horse (Equus caballus) and southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)

Cassady

Minter

Gruber

2023

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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BackgroundField veterinarians and researchers studying wild species, such as the southern white rhinoceros, often work in remote areas with limited access to standard laboratory equipment, hindering the ability to measure serum analytes.ObjectivesThe first objective was to produce an inexpensive, manually operated centrifuge that could accept standard laboratory tubes by modifying a consumer‐grade salad spinner with low‐cost materials. The second objective was to compare biochemistry analysis results obtained from equine and southern white rhinoceros serum separated by traditional laboratory and manual salad spinner centrifugation.MethodsWe optimized the design and serum separation protocol using non‐anticoagulated equine blood. Equine and rhinoceros serum samples were separated by manual salad spinner or traditional laboratory centrifugation. Measured analytes included sodium, potassium, chloride, urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorous, total calcium, magnesium, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, creatinine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, bicarbonate, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and triglycerides. Results obtained from serum separated by each centrifugation technique were compared by Deming regression and Bland–Altman analyses.ResultsA tube adaptor insert modeled after a swing angle rotor and a two‐step salad spinner centrifugation yielded serum comparable to traditional laboratory centrifugation. For the majority of analytes, no proportional or constant biases were detected between centrifugation methods. A positive proportional bias in the measurement of ALP in serum separated by manual centrifugation was detected in both equine and rhinoceros samples.ConclusionsManual centrifugation with a modified salad spinner yields diagnostic quality serum suitable for the measurement of most standard biochemistry analytes.

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Baseline Hematologic Results for Free-ranging White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) in Kruger National Park, South Africa

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Hematological and serum biochemical parameters of rescued Sunda pangolins (<i>Manis javanica</i>) in Singapore

Hematological and serum biochemical parameters of rescued Sunda pangolins (<i>Manis javanica</i>) in Singapore

Experimental Mycobacterium bovis infection in three white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum): Susceptibility, clinical and anatomical pathology

Performance of a manually operated salad spinner centrifuge for serum separation in the healthy domestic horse (Equus caballus) and southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum)

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