Baseline Factors Associated With Incident HIV and STI in Four Microbicide Trials

Feldblum, Paul J.; Lie, Che Chin; Weaver, Mark A.; Damme, Lut Van; Halpern, Vera; Adeiga, Adesina; Bakare, R A; Schwartz, Jill L.; Becker, Marissa; Solomon, Suniti

doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e3181e15f0b

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Among 22 included studies (represented by 23 reports), 18 included estimates specific to OCs [41-,47-53,57-60,62,63], 16 included estimates specific to injectable contraception [41,42,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][57][58][59][60]62,63], and two did not distinguish between methods of HC although the investigators noted that most of the HC users used injectables [46,56]. No eligible studies assessed the contraceptive patch, ring, combined injectable, or levonorgestrel IUD.…”

Section: All Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Hormonal contraceptive methods and risk of HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence

Polis¹,

Phillips²,

Curtis³

et al. 2014

Contraception

112

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Whether use of various types of hormonal contraception (HC) affect risk of HIV acquisition is a critical question for women's health. For this systematic review, we identified 22 studies published by January 15, 2014 which met inclusion criteria; we classified thirteen studies as having severe methodological limitations, and nine studies as "informative but with important limitations". Overall, data do not support an association between use of oral contraceptives and increased risk of HIV acquisition. Uncertainty persists regarding whether an association exists between depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) use and risk of HIV acquisition. Most studies suggested no significantly increased HIV risk with norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) use, but when assessed in the same study, point estimates for NET-EN tended to be larger than for DMPA, though 95% confidence intervals overlapped substantially. No data have suggested significantly increased risk of HIV acquisition with use of implants, though data were limited. No data are available on the relationship between use of contraceptive patches, rings, or hormonal intrauterine devices and risk of HIV acquisition. Women choosing progestin-only injectable contraceptives such as DMPA or NET-EN should be informed of the current uncertainty regarding whether use of these methods increases risk of HIV acquisition, and like all women at risk of HIV, should be empowered to access and use condoms and other HIV preventative measures. Programs, practitioners, and women urgently need guidance on how to maximize health with respect to avoiding both unintended pregnancy and HIV given inconclusive or limited data for certain HC methods.

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Section: All Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Twenty eligible reports were included in the previous review [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60], and out of 400 references retrieved in our updated search (Fig. 1), we identified one new eligible subanalysis of a previously included study [61] and two new eligible studies [62,63].…”

Section: All Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal contraceptive methods and risk of HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence

Polis¹,

Phillips²,

Curtis³

et al. 2014

Contraception

112

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“…Condom is useful for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, rather than just for HIV. This was well discussed in [18,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Comparative Analysis of Condom Use Among Unmarried Youths in Rural Community in Nigeria

Fagbamigbe¹,

Adebowale²,

Olaniyan³

2012

PHR

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Globally, youths are more sexually active than any subgroup of the population. In Nigeria, the prevalence of condom use among youths is low. This study explored and compared condom use among in-school youths and out-of-school youths in south western Nigeria. This population based study used multistage random sampling technique to select eligible 600 youths aged 15-24 years which included 300 high school students and 300 out-of-school youths in Ekiti West Local Government area of Ekiti state, Nigeria. Descriptive statistics, t-test, chi square test and logistic regression were used for analysis. The mean age of in-school youths and out of school youths were 18.1±2.2 years and 19.0±2.7 years respectively. Overall, 35.5% of all sexually active respondents, 29.8% in-school and 40.8% out-of-school youths reported to have ever used condom during sexual intercourse (p<0.05). Regular condom use was recorded among 10.7% in-school youths or their partners and 20.6% among the out-of-school youths. Out-of-school youths are about one and half times more likely to use condom than in-school youths, (p<0.05). The study concluded that although, condom use is low across the study population, but higher among out-of-school youths. Youths aged 15-24 should be given free access to condom particularly the in-school youths.

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“…In one study of HIV-discordant Zambian couples [54], sex without condoms was associated with incident infection. However, in a study of Ugandan HIVdiscordant couples, condom use was not related to the probability of HIV transmission per coital act [55] and in a large study conducted in Benin, Ghana, India, Nigeria, and South Africa, condom use was positively associated with incident HIV infection [56]. None of these analyses included measures of blood exposures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of blood-borne transmission risk is inversely associated with HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa

Brewer

2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Accurate, comprehensive knowledge of an infectious pathogen's modes of transmission helps people to avoid infection. Growing evidence suggests that blood-borne HIV transmission is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa. Methodology: I examined the association between knowledge of blood-borne HIV risk and prevalent HIV infection in Demographic and Health Survey data from 16 sub-Saharan African countries. I also searched three online databases for evidence of public education campaigns focused on blood-borne HIV risks in these countries. Results: Knowledge was moderately to strongly inversely related to HIV prevalence at the national level (i.e., countries in which many respondents were aware of blood-borne risk had lower HIV prevalence than countries in which few respondents were aware of such risk). At the individual level, respondents who knew about blood-borne HIV risks were modestly less likely to be infected than those who did not show awareness of this risk, independent of demographic and sexual behavior variables. This relationship was stronger in southern Africa than in west, central, and east Africa. In parallel analyses, knowledge of condom use as a way to prevent HIV was positively associated with prevalent HIV infection at both the national and individual levels. West, central, and east African countries with low to moderate HIV prevalence had implemented public education campaigns that included a focus on blood-borne transmission risks. Such campaigns were absent from high prevalence countries in southern Africa. Conclusion: These findings suggest that knowledge of blood-borne HIV risk protects against HIV infection and that public education campaigns are important for spreading that knowledge.

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Baseline Factors Associated With Incident HIV and STI in Four Microbicide Trials

Cited by 29 publications

References 15 publications

Hormonal contraceptive methods and risk of HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence

Hormonal contraceptive methods and risk of HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence

A Comparative Analysis of Condom Use Among Unmarried Youths in Rural Community in Nigeria

Knowledge of blood-borne transmission risk is inversely associated with HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa

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