Baseline characterization of the CO2SINK geological storage site at Ketzin, Germany

Förster, Andrea; Norden, Ben; Zinck-Jørgensen, Kim; Frykman, Peter; Kulenkampff, Johannes; Spangenberg, Erik; Erzinger, J.; Zimmer, Martin; Kopp, Jürgen; Borm, G.; Juhlin, Christopher; Cosma, Calin-Gabriel; Hurter, Suzanne

doi:10.1306/eg.02080605016

Cited by 234 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The subsurface structure of the storage site is well known from a 3-D surface seismic survey (Juhlin et al 2007) performed prior to injection and from well logs (Förster et al 2006) as well as from surface wave analysis of the shallow subsurface (Xu et al 2012). Between 2008 June and 2013 August supercritical CO 2 was injected at a depth of about 650 m into a saline aquifer, the Stuttgart formation with a thickness of approximately 80 m (Fig.…”

Section: The Co -S T O R a G E S I T E K E T Z I Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Stuttgart Formation is lithologically heterogeneous and consists of high-permeability sandy channel-(string)-facies rocks alternating with muddy flood-plainfacies rocks of poor reservoir quality. A 210-m-thick caprock of playa-type mudstones of the Weser and Arnstadt formations is located above the injection horizon (Förster et al 2006). Until the end of injection in 2013 August, in total 67 271 tons of CO 2 were stored in the formation.…”

Section: The Co -S T O R a G E S I T E K E T Z I Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise

Gassenmeier¹,

Sens‐Schönfelder²,

Delatre³

et al. 2014

Geophysical Journal International

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Originally published as:Gassenmeier, M., Sens-Schönfelder, C., Delatre, M., Korn, M. (2015): Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise. S U M M A R YRegarding the exploitation of natural resources, storage of waste or subsurface construction, there is an increasing need to obtain comprehensive knowledge about the subsurface and its temporal changes. We investigate the possibility of a passive monitoring using ambient seismic noise, which is cheap and continuous compared to active seismics. We work with data acquired with a seismic network in Ketzin (Germany) where 67 271 tons of CO 2 were injected from 2008 June until 2013 August into a saline aquifer at a depth of about 650 m. Monitoring the expansion of the CO 2 plume is essential for the characterization of the reservoir as well as the detection of potential leakage. By cross-correlating about 4 yr of passive seismic data in a frequency range of 0.05-4.5 Hz we found periodic velocity variations with a period of approximately 1 yr that cannot be caused by the CO 2 injection. The prominent direction of the noise wavefield indicates a wind farm as the dominant source providing the temporally stable noise field. This spacial stability excludes variations of the noise source distribution as a cause of spurious velocity variations. Based on an amplitude decrease associated with time windows towards later parts of the coda, we show that the variations must be generated in the shallow subsurface. A comparison to groundwater level data reveals a direct correlation between depth of the groundwater level and the seismic velocity. The influence of ground frost on the seismic velocities is documented by a sharp increase of velocity when the maximum daily temperature stays below 0 • C. Although the observed periodic changes and the changes due to ground frost affect only the shallow subsurface, they mask potential signals of material changes from the reservoir depths.

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Section: The Co -S T O R a G E S I T E K E T Z I Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Co -S T O R a G E S I T E K E T Z I Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise

Gassenmeier¹,

Sens‐Schönfelder²,

Delatre³

et al. 2014

Geophysical Journal International

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show abstract

“…The detrital components are often rimmed by thin coatings of ferric oxides and clay minerals. The abundance of feldspar, mica, chlorite, clay minerals, Fe-Ti oxides, and analcime accounts for the reservoir's richness in Ti, Al, Fe, Mg, Na, and K relative to average mature sandstone (Förster et al, 2006). The sandstone layer is currently filled with highly saline brine with a concentration of approximately 230 g/l of total dissolved solids (TDS).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-establishment of the proper injectivity of the CO2-injection well Ktzi 201 in Ketzin, Germany

Zettlitzer

Moeller

Morozova

et al. 2010

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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The onshore CO 2 -storage site Ketzin consists of one CO 2-injection well and two observation wells. Hydraulic tests revealed permeabilities between 50 and 100 mD for the sandstone rock units. The designated injection well Ktzi 201 showed similar production permeability. After installation of the CO 2 -injection string, an injection test with water yielded a significantly lower injectivity of 0.002 m 3 /d*kPa, while the observation wells showed an injection permeability in the same range as the productivity. Several possible reasons for the severe decline in injectivity are discussed. Acidification of the reservoir interval, injection at high wellhead pressure, controlled mini-fractures and back-production of the well are discussed to remove the plugging material to re-establish the required injectivity of the well. It has been decided to perform a nitrogen lift and analyse the back-produced fluids. Initially during the lift, the backproduced fluids were dark-black. Chemical and XRD analyses proved that the black solids consisted mainly of iron sulphide. Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were detected in fluid samples with up to 10 6 cells/ml by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) indicating that the formation of iron sulphide was caused by bacterial activity. Organic compounds within the drilling mud and other technical fluids were likely left during the well completion process, thus providing the energy source for strong proliferation of bacteria. During the lift, the fraction of SRB in the whole bacterial community decreased from approximately 32 % in downhole samples to less than 5 %. The lift of Ktzi 201 succeeded in the full restoration of the well productivity and injectivity. Additionally, the likely energy source of the SRB was largely removed by the lifting, thus ensuring the long-term preservation of the injectivity.2

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“…The effect of CO 2 injection on physical rock properties in general is not well established. Fluid-rock interactions can lead to the dissolution of minerals in CO 2 -bearing pore fluids, the precipitation of minerals with related reduction or plugging of the pore space, and the drying and disintegration of clay minerals (e.g., Förster et al, 2006). These processes may result in changes of porosity geometry and distribution, effective permeability, and capillary entry conditions, which all influence and change the petrophysical and fluid transport properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, reservoir rock samples were exposed to CO 2 and brine in high-pressure vessels under in situ temperature and pressure conditions over different time scales. The composition of the brine is representative of the formation fluid of Ketzin and is described in Förster et al (2006). Here we present the results from petrophysical measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrophysical analysis to investigate the effects of carbon dioxide storage in a subsurface saline aquifer at Ketzin, Germany (CO2SINK)

Zemke

Liebscher

Wandrey

2010

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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Baseline characterization of the CO2SINK geological storage site at Ketzin, Germany

Cited by 234 publications

References 8 publications

Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise

Monitoring of environmental influences on seismic velocity at the geological storage site for CO2 in Ketzin (Germany) with ambient seismic noise

Re-establishment of the proper injectivity of the CO2-injection well Ktzi 201 in Ketzin, Germany

Petrophysical analysis to investigate the effects of carbon dioxide storage in a subsurface saline aquifer at Ketzin, Germany (CO2SINK)

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