Baseline anaemia increases locally advanced rectal cancer mortality in older patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiation

Non‐erythropoiesis stimulating agent, non‐iron therapies for the management of anemia: A scoping review

“…Anemia contributes substantially to the global burden of disease, affecting approximately one third of the population 1 . Anemia is associated with an array of poor outcomes, and—when coupled with other comorbidities—increased mortality 2–13 . Chronic disease and inflammation retard normal pathways of iron metabolism, leading to iron sequestration and suppression of marrow function 14 .…”

“…1 Anemia is associated with an array of poor outcomes, and-when coupled with other comorbidities-increased mortality. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Chronic disease and inflammation retard normal pathways of iron metabolism, leading to iron sequestration and suppression of marrow function. 14 Inflammation induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators which upregulate the iron transport regulatory protein, hepcidin.…”

“…While iron deficiency remains the leading cause of anemia worldwide, amongst hospitalized patients the anemia of chronic disease is a common cause of anemia 14 . Both iron deficiency and inflammation contribute to anemia in the peri‐operative population, with anemia conferring a heightened risk of complications, readmission, and mortality 3,5,10,16–18 . Given the burden of anemia amongst hospitalized and surgical patients, there has been considerable research interest in the treatment of anemia as a modifiable risk factor to reduce peri‐operative complications.…”

“…14 Both iron deficiency and inflammation contribute to anemia in the peri-operative population, with anemia conferring a heightened risk of complications, readmission, and mortality. 3,5,10,[16][17][18] Given the burden of anemia amongst hospitalized and surgical patients, there has been considerable research interest in the treatment of anemia as a modifiable risk factor to reduce perioperative complications. Trials of intravenous iron and erythropoietin (EPO) as part of surgical Patient Blood Management programs have had mixed results.…”

Predictive Value of the Interaction between CEA and Hemoglobin in Neoadjuvant CCRT Outcomes in Rectal Cancer Patients

“…Anemia serves as an independent prognostic indicator of inadequate local control in rectal cancer [17,18]. Considering both overall survival and survival specific to LARC, older individuals with preexisting anemia have notably lower survival rates [19]. Given that anemia is a frequent adverse effect of chemotherapy agents such as oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, and capecitabine, which are commonly used in neoadjuvant CCRT regimens for LARC, the incidence of anemia may increase following CCRT.…”