Base Station MIMO Antenna in 1 × 6 Array Configurations with Reflector Design for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

Abstract

In this article, a base station array antenna in 1 × 6 configuration is proposed for sub-6GHz 5G applications. Analyses have been performed on two orthogonally arranged dipole strips, a balun with various feeding schemes, and a reflector with different side walls. At the balanced feed position, aluminum is used to connect the feeding balun and the dipole through a hole. A single crossed antenna element of size 66 × 66 × 78 mm3 is fabricated using an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4, 1.6 mm thickness, and an operating frequency band from 3.2 to 5.22 GHz. The radiating element provides a stable and high gain of 11–18 dB using reflectors with sidewalls. The proposed element is simulated, and its electrical downward tilt is investigated for a 1 × 6 array arrangement with dimensions of 642 mm × 112 mm × 90 mm. Various radiation performance parameters are measured, such as gain, FBR (>26 dB), HPBW, and XPD (>11.5 dB) at 60° in the H-plane. A reflection coefficient of less than −15 dB and port-to-port isolation of greater than 27 dB are achieved. Simulation and measurement of radiation patterns are performed for the operating frequencies of 3.2, 4.2, and 5.2 GHz.

From 5G to beyond 5G: A Comprehensive Survey of Wireless Network Evolution, Challenges, and Promising Technologies

“…Many 5G base station antenna designs have been investigated in this study [160][161][162][163]. For an indoor MIMO base station, an ultra-wide-band portable multi-element antenna consisting of 121 physical antennas to construct a 484-port is investigated in [164].…”

Estimation of IQI for AF Cooperative Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equalization Systems Using Channel Decoder Feedback

“…As indicated in ( 17)-( 20), the accurate ML approach demands prior information of the matrices A (1) and A (2) , which are generally inaccessible. In circumstances like these, when nuisance parameters are prominent, the EM system delivers a solution that comprises multiple rounds of searching for the ML predictions [35,36].…”

“…where the expectation is realized over A (1) and A (2) . As a result, we derive the M-step as ĤSD (ι + 1), ĤSRD (ι + 1) = arg max…”

“…Diversity could well be manifested in numerous manners, including temporal, frequency, and spatial diversity. The latter option could well be accomplished using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technologies by deploying numerous antennas at the broadcaster and/or recipient side [2][3][4]. It is not feasible to use numerous antennas on portable terminals such as mobile phones and wireless sensor nodes.…”