Base of tongue metastasis of cutaneous malignant melanoma with rhabdoid and neuroendocrine features: Report of a rare case and review of the literature

Tzanavaris, Konstantinos; Pettas, Efstathios; Thermos, Grigorios; Georgaki, Maria; Piperi, Evangelia; Nikitakis, Nikolaos G.

doi:10.1007/s12105-022-01437-6

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A further 19 studies were excluded at this stage due to the criteria presented in Figure 2. The final number of studies meeting the criteria and thus included in the systematic review was 13 (Alves et al, 2014; Chuang et al, 2021; Compilato et al, 2012; Dhillon et al, 2022; Kim et al, 2001; Markman et al, 2018; Miller, 1971; Patton et al, 1994; Singh et al, 2014; Stern et al, 1993; Tas et al, 2015; Tzanavaris et al, 2022; Zegarelli et al, 1973).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue metastasis of malignant melanoma: A case report and a systemic review of the literature

Sääksjärvi,

Degerholm,

Ahde

et al. 2023

Oral Diseases

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ObjectivesThe incidence of malignant melanoma, with potential for tongue metastasis, is increasing. This study presents a case of tongue metastasis of cutaneous malignant melanoma, along with a comprehensive systematic review of the cases presented in English literature. The aim is to increase clinical and pathological knowledge of these challenging cases.Materials and MethodsThe literature search was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines by two independent researchers using four online databases: Medline, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus.ResultsAltogether 24 cases of tongue metastasis of malignant melanoma were observed (mean age 54.9 years, range 27–86 years). The average time from the primary tumour to tongue metastasis was 4.5 years. The metastatic tumour was generally indolent or mildly symptomatic. The most prevalent clinical presentation was a submucosal, non‐ulcerated tumour mass, located in the tongue base or lateral surfaces. The prognosis at the time of tongue metastasis was generally poor, with a mean survival of 2.9 months.ConclusionConsidering the mild symptoms, varying age of the subjects and interval from the initial diagnosis, a comprehensive anamnesis and regular oral examination should be emphasized, and metastatic malignant melanoma considered in cases of lingual tumour.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue metastasis of malignant melanoma: A case report and a systemic review of the literature

Sääksjärvi,

Degerholm,

Ahde

et al. 2023

Oral Diseases

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“…5 A third case of metastatic melanoma to the base of the tongue exhibiting mixed neuroendocrine and rhabdoid differentiation has also been described. 6…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 A third case of metastatic melanoma to the base of the tongue exhibiting mixed neuroendocrine and rhabdoid differentiation has also been described. 6 Divergent differentiation in melanomas has been histologically well characterized but largely remains the subject of single case reports or small case series. Divergent differentiation, which may occur both in the primary tumor and in subsequent metastases, may occur along several routes, with fibroblastic, Schwannian, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle (rhabdomyoblastic), osteocartilaginous, ganglioneuronic and neuroendocrine differentiation having all been documented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Divergent differentiation, which may occur both in the primary tumor and in subsequent metastases, may occur along several routes, with fibroblastic, Schwannian, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle (rhabdomyoblastic), osteocartilaginous, ganglioneuronic and neuroendocrine differentiation having all been documented. 7 Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation events have been typically described in metastatic disease; [4][5][6]8 however, uncommon cases of neuroendocrine differentiation manifesting de novo in primary melanocytic tumors exist. Curiously, de novo neuroendocrine differentiation in primary melanomas seems to be commoner in non-sun-exposed sites, including the anus, 9 urethra, 10 sinonasal tract, 8,[11][12][13] and choroid, 14,15 with all cases describing areas of conventional epithelioid melanoma with foci of high-grade neuroendocrine differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuroendocrine Transdifferentiation in Cutaneous Melanoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Pisani

Micallef

Scerri

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Dermatopathology

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Neuroendocrine transdifferentiation refers to the progressive transformation of a nonneuroendocrine tumor to the one showing evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation on morphological and immunohistochemical grounds. Although this phenomenon has been well-documented in certain malignancies, particularly prostatic adenocarcinoma after androgen deprivation, cases of neuroendocrine transdifferentiation in melanomas are exceptionally rare. Herein, we report a case of a conventional superficial spreading melanoma occurring on the skin of the leg in a young male which showed progressive neuroendocrine transdifferentiation as it progressed through 2 in-transit metastases and a nodal metastatic deposit over a 4-year period. The tumor retained the BRAF V600E mutation throughout the disease process, and disease control was achieved through dual BRAF inhibition therapy. The possibility of melanoma masquerading as a high-grade neuroendocrine malignancy when investigating tumors of unknown primary should be kept in the mind of clinicians and histopathologist alike as a potential diagnostic pitfall, thus helping avoid misdiagnosis and guide appropriate treatment strategies.

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“…Immunoreactivity with SOX10 antibody confirmed that neoplastic cells were derived from the neural crest [ 30 ]. The neoplastic cells showed sparse staining with chromogranin and synaptophysin antibodies, and the stained regions were interpreted as foci of neuroendocrine differentiation [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracutaneous Melanotic Melanoma with Nervous System Involvement in a Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Barbosa,

Oliveira,

Oliveira

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Melanomas are tumors arising from externally uncontrolled melanocytes that produce varying amounts of melanin. In this study, we report a case of melanoma with neurological impairment without evidence of cutaneous neoplastic lesions in an adult buffalo in the state of Pará, Brazil. Clinically, the buffalo exhibited apathy, decreased mandibular tone, and occasionally an open mouth with motor incoordination, and eventually succumbed to the condition. Necropsy revealed multifocal tumor masses in the brain, pituitary gland, trigeminal ganglion, and spinal cord. The neoplastic cells showed strong positive signals for vimentin, Melan-A, PNL-2, and SOX10. The diagnosis was made via necropsy, histopathology, and positive immunostaining for Melan-A and PNL-2, which are specific markers for melanocyte identification.

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Base of tongue metastasis of cutaneous malignant melanoma with rhabdoid and neuroendocrine features: Report of a rare case and review of the literature

Cited by 4 publications

References 42 publications

Tongue metastasis of malignant melanoma: A case report and a systemic review of the literature

Tongue metastasis of malignant melanoma: A case report and a systemic review of the literature

Neuroendocrine Transdifferentiation in Cutaneous Melanoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Extracutaneous Melanotic Melanoma with Nervous System Involvement in a Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

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