Basalt/Polyacrylamide‐Ammonium Polyphosphate Hydrogel Composites for Fire‐Resistant Materials

Abstract

Hydrogels containing a large amount of water are widely used as fire‐resistant materials. However, when exposed to fire, the organic polymer network of gel will burn in a short time as the contained water evaporates. For that, the fire‐retarding ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and woven basalt fibers are introduced in polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels to improve the fire‐resistant performance. Thermo‐gravimetric tests indicating that the APP can prevent gel from decomposition effectively when the content is larger than 13 wt%. And the APP can form a foam layer on gel surface to protect it from burning. The basalt fibers are capable of absorbing heat and strengthening the gel. With the synergetic of APP and basalt fibers, the resultant basalt/PAAm‐APP composite with high mechanical strength exhibits excellent fire‐resistant performance. It can sustain the 1300 °C flame for as long as 15 min.

Hydrogel and aerogel‐based flame‐retardant polymeric materials: A review

“…[79][80][81][82][83] Modifying the hydrogel by silica-based materials such as basalt fibers, intumescent flame retardants such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP), gel fire extinction materials such as WG (water glass, sodium silicate) gel, polymer gel, and composite gel can protect the gel network and matrix materials from burning and extending the fire retardancy time are crucial for hydrogel-based fire-retardant materials. [84][85][86][87][88][89]…”

“…More examples, for example, PEGbased hydrogels for coal, are also available. 109 Zheng et al 84 added woven basalt fibers as a biobased additive combined with APP (up to 19 wt%) to enhance fire resistance of polyacrylamide hydrogels. The samples were prepared as N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) added to the water solution of acrylamide, and also APP added to the mixture, as well as the TEMED used as an accelerator of the polymerization.…”

“…The hydrogel‐fabric laminates can remain at a low temperature on the fabric surface before water fully evaporates, and prolong the time for firefighters to save more lives 79–83 . Modifying the hydrogel by silica‐based materials such as basalt fibers, intumescent flame retardants such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP), gel fire extinction materials such as WG (water glass, sodium silicate) gel, polymer gel, and composite gel can protect the gel network and matrix materials from burning and extending the fire retardancy time are crucial for hydrogel‐based fire‐retardant materials 84–89 …”

Synthesis, characterization, and swelling properties of a novel tapioca-g-Poly(Acrylic acid−2−acrylamido−2−methylpropane sulfonic acid)/ammonium polyphosphate superabsorbent polymer

“…Water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is an inorganic polymer (low degree of polymerization, n < 20) with outstanding water solubility, non-toxic, and biodegradability. APP is an important raw material in water-soluble, chelated, and controlled-release fertilizers [24], flame retardants [25,26], emulsifiers, and food additives, and are low cost [27,28]. According to our observation, studies on the introduction of APP into superabsorbent polymer networks are rarely reported, Wang and co-workers have synthesized new semiinterlayer polymer network (semi-IPN) superabsorbent polymers with slow-release fertilizer based on corn straw cellulose polymers (CSC-g-AA/APP, CSC-g-AA/PVA-APP) [29], and millet straw-based polymer (MSPg-AA/PVA-APP) [30], prepared by solution polymerization has very good adsorption capacity in distilled water, helping to enhance soil water holding capacity and slow release of nutrients.…”

Facile Fabrication of Multifunctional Transparent Flame-Retarded Hydrogel for Fire-Resistant Glass with Excellent Transparency, Fire Resistance and Anti-Ageing Property

“…Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), ammonium hydrogen phosphate and other phosphorus-based flame retardants are widely used in the field of flame-retarded hydrogels to protect the hydrogel from burning [7]. Zheng et al introduced basalt fibers and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) into polyacrylamide hydrogels to improve the fire resistance properties and found that APP can effectively delay the thermal decomposition process of the hydrogel by forming an expanded char layer [8]. Chen et al introduced modified ammonium polyphosphate into sodium alginate/poly(acrylamide-stearyl methacrylate copolymer) hydrogels to improve the thermal stability and fire resistance of the hydrogels [9].…”