Basal stem rot of oil palm revisited

Flood, J.; Bridge, P. D.; Pilotti, C. A.

doi:10.1111/aab.12772

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…However, the interaction between pathogen and its environment is highly complex. The differences in infection levels recorded between soil types could be due to a variety of factors, such as the composition of the original forest species (alternate hosts), which defines the level of indigenous inoculum, soil chemical composition and the presence or absence of suppressive or antagonistic microbes in the soil [30][31][32][33]. Results of the study also highlighted the co-existence of BSR and USR in all surveyed sites, although their composition ratio differed between soil types.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative incidence of Ganoderma basal stem rot and upper stem rot disease in oil palm in relation to soil type and geographical distribution

Hendra,

Haryadi,

Sidhu

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The greatest danger to oil palm sustainability in Indonesia is posed by basal stem rot (BSR) and upper stem rot (USR). However, information on their comparative incidence in relation to soil types and geo-distribution remains scarce. As such, data from annual surveys carried out over 95,000 ha of first-generation oil palms planted in Asian Agri estates was reviewed and analyzed. The highest infection levels occurred in North Sumatra, followed by Riau and Jambi. Likewise, infection levels were highest in peat (24.79 palms/ha), followed by alluvial (13.41 palms/ha), volcanic (7.25 palms/ha), and inland (0.07 palms/ha) soil types. Averaged over three provinces and all four soil types, infection due to USR was more dominant than BSR, comprising 52.3% and 47.7%, respectively. Molecular assays of infected tissue confirmed that both BSR and USR were caused by the genus Ganoderma with the major species being G. boninense. Longitudinal dissections of oil palm trunks infected by USR indicated no infection connectivity with the basal portion of the trunk, unlike BSR, where the infection is through root contact. Transmission through basidiospores is likely to play an essential role in USR epidemiology. Understanding pathogen distribution, species identity, and its transmission epidemiology are prerequisites to control diseases more effectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative incidence of Ganoderma basal stem rot and upper stem rot disease in oil palm in relation to soil type and geographical distribution

Hendra,

Haryadi,

Sidhu

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Implementing integrated disease management approaches is crucial for effectively controlling phytopathogenic Ganoderma [ 24 , 25 ]. Cultural practices, such as the use of disease-free planting materials, proper sanitation, and crop rotation, can help prevent the introduction and spread of the Ganoderma pathogen [ 18 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In-Depth Study of Phytopathogenic Ganoderma: Pathogenicity, Advanced Detection Techniques, Control Strategies, and Sustainable Management

Karunarathna,

Patabendige,

et al. 2024

JoF

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Phytopathogenic Ganoderma species pose a significant threat to global plant health, resulting in estimated annual economic losses exceeding USD (US Dollars) 68 billion in the agriculture and forestry sectors worldwide. To combat this pervasive menace effectively, a comprehensive understanding of the biology, ecology, and plant infection mechanisms of these pathogens is imperative. This comprehensive review critically examines various aspects of Ganoderma spp., including their intricate life cycle, their disease mechanisms, and the multifaceted environmental factors influencing their spread. Recent studies have quantified the economic impact of Ganoderma infections, revealing staggering yield losses ranging from 20% to 80% across various crops. In particular, oil palm plantations suffer devastating losses, with an estimated annual reduction in yield exceeding 50 million metric tons. Moreover, this review elucidates the dynamic interactions between Ganoderma and host plants, delineating the pathogen’s colonization strategies and its elicitation of intricate plant defense responses. This comprehensive analysis underscores the imperative for adopting an integrated approach to Ganoderma disease management. By synergistically harnessing cultural practices, biological control, and chemical treatments and by deploying resistant plant varieties, substantial strides can be made in mitigating Ganoderma infestations. Furthermore, a collaborative effort involving scientists, breeders, and growers is paramount in the development and implementation of sustainable strategies against this pernicious plant pathogen. Through rigorous scientific inquiry and evidence-based practices, we can strive towards safeguarding global plant health and mitigating the dire economic consequences inflicted by Ganoderma infections.

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“…High incidence in individual plantations is devastating, and BSR has caused severe economic losses in Malaysia [17], which will be compounded as BSR increases [9,10,18]. Incidentally, there have been approximately 15 similar reviews of BSR published between 2021 and 2023 (SCOPUS) (e.g., references [19][20][21][22]), to which the reader can refer, with the later papers often repeating information provided in the earlier ones. In terms of a review of new information, Bharuden et al [22] discussed the current genomics/transcriptomics research relating to the disease, which is useful.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Climate Effects on Basal Stem Rot of Conventional and Modified Oil Palm in Indonesia and Thailand

Paterson

2023

Forests

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Oil palms (OP) produce palm oil, a unique commodity without commercial alternatives. A serious disease of OP is basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense Pat. Climate change will likely increase BSR, thereby causing mortality of OP and reduced yields of palm oil. Work is being undertaken to produce modified OP (mOP) to resist BSR, although this will take decades for full development, if successfully produced at all. mOP will not be 100% effective, and it would be useful to know the effect of mOP on the key parameters of BSR incidence, OP mortality, and yield loss. The current paper employed CLIMEX modeling of suitable climates for OP and modeling narratives for Indonesia and Thailand. Indonesia is the largest producer of OP and Thailand is a much smaller manufacturer, and it was informative to compare these two countries. The gains from using mOP were substantial compared to the current production of some other continents and countries. The current paper, for the first time, assessed how climate change will affect BSR parameters for conventional and mOP. Greater consideration of the potential benefits of mOP is required to justify investing in the technology.

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Basal stem rot of oil palm revisited

Cited by 7 publications

References 138 publications

Comparative incidence of Ganoderma basal stem rot and upper stem rot disease in oil palm in relation to soil type and geographical distribution

Comparative incidence of Ganoderma basal stem rot and upper stem rot disease in oil palm in relation to soil type and geographical distribution

An In-Depth Study of Phytopathogenic Ganoderma: Pathogenicity, Advanced Detection Techniques, Control Strategies, and Sustainable Management

Future Climate Effects on Basal Stem Rot of Conventional and Modified Oil Palm in Indonesia and Thailand

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