Basal resistance enhances warming tolerance of alien over indigenous species across latitude

Janion‐Scheepers, Charlene; Phillips, Laura M.; Sgrò, Carla M.; Duffy, Grant A.; Hallas, Rebecca; Chown, Steven Loudon

doi:10.1073/pnas.1715598115

Cited by 72 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…spore loads), relatively smaller body sizes and older ages of infection (Figures and ). In all cases, infection had the capacity to alter host thermal limits at an equivalent magnitude to the natural variation seen across species entire geographical ranges (Sgrò et al, ; see Geerts, De Meester, & Stoks, ; Yampolsky et al, for Daphnia example), or even the phylogeny of related species (Janion‐Scheepers et al, ; Kellermann et al, ). Across the native range of Drosophila in Australia, for example, thermal limits show a latitudinal cline from tropical to temperate populations, with knockdown times varying by 3 min along this cline and differences in CT max ranging from 0.5°C to 1.1°C, depending on the type of assay (Sgrò et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lent magnitude to the natural variation seen across species entire geographical ranges(Sgrò et al, 2010; see Geerts, De Meester, & Stoks, 2014;Yampolsky et al, 2014 for Daphnia example), or even the phylogeny of related species(Janion-Scheepers et al, 2018;Kellermann et al, 2012). Across the native range of Drosophila in Australia, for example, thermal limits show a latitudinal cline from tropical to temperate populations, with knockdown times varying by 3 min along this cline and differences in CT max ranging from 0.5°C to F I G U R E 5 Experiment 2.…”

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Pathogen exposure disrupts an organism's ability to cope with thermal stress

Hector

Sgrò

Hall

2019

Global Change Biology

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As a result of global climate change, species are experiencing an escalation in the severity and regularity of extreme thermal events. With patterns of disease distribution and transmission predicted to undergo considerable shifts in the coming years, the interplay between temperature and pathogen exposure will likely determine the capacity of a population to persist under the dual threat of global change and infectious disease. In this study, we investigated how exposure to a pathogen affects an individual's ability to cope with extreme temperatures. Using experimental infections of Daphnia magna with its obligate bacterial pathogen Pasteuria ramosa, we measured upper thermal limits of multiple host and pathogen genotype combinations across the dynamic process of infection and under various forms (static and ramping) of thermal stress. We find that pathogens substantially limit the thermal tolerance of their host, with the reduction in upper thermal limits on par with the breadth of variation seen across similar species entire geographical ranges. The precise magnitude of any reduction, however, was specific to the host and pathogen genotype combination. In addition, as thermal ramping rate slowed, upper thermal limits of both healthy and infected individuals were reduced. Our results suggest that the capacity of a population to evolve new thermal limits, when also faced with the threat of infection, will depend not only on a host's genetic variability in warmer environments, but also on the frequency of host and pathogen genotypes. We suggest that pathogen‐induced alterations of host thermal performance should be taken into account when assessing the resilience of any population and its potential for adaptation to global change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogen exposure disrupts an organism's ability to cope with thermal stress

Hector

Sgrò

Hall

2019

Global Change Biology

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“…The ability of terrestrial arthropods to withstand thermal stress has been extensively investigated (Hoffmann, Sørensen, & Loeschcke, ). However, the relative contributions of phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution to the responses of species to climate change remain poorly understood and for soil‐living animals in particular (Bahrndorff, Holmstrup, Petersen, & Loeschcke, ; Bahrndorff, Loeschcke, Pertoldi, Beier, & Holmstrup, ; Castañeda, Lardies, & Bozinovic, ; Hu & Appel, ; Janion‐Scheepers et al, ; Lardies, Bacigalupe, & Bozinovic, ; Lardies & Bozinovic, ; van der Woude, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus populations may show genetic differences for temperature tolerance corresponding to location specific temperature variations (van Heerwaarden, Lee, Overgaard, & Sgrò, ; Kingsolver & Buckley, ). In contrast to the convincing evidence that local thermal adaptation of above‐ground organisms is common and for model species in particular, less is known about genetically based differences in thermal tolerance for soil organisms and results are often based on field‐collected individuals (but see Bahrndorff et al, ; Bahrndorff, Loeschcke et al, ; Janion‐Scheepers et al, ; van Dooremalen et al, ). Local adaptation of absolute tolerances and of phenotypic plasticity of those tolerance limits may also co‐occur (Sinclair, Williams, & Terblanche, ; Sultan & Spencer, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal acclimation and adaptation across populations in a broadly distributed soil arthropod

et al. 2019

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The relative contributions of phenotypic plasticity and adaptive evolution to the responses of species to climate change are poorly understood. It has been suggested that some species or populations will have to rely on their ability to adjust their phenotype rather than on adaptation through evolutionary adaptation. We test the extent of intra‐ and inter‐population patterns of acclimation and genetic variation in multiple traits directly related to environmental tolerance limits in the broadly distributed soil dwelling collembolan Orchesella cincta. Genetic variation in both dynamic and static assays of thermal tolerance was present across seven populations spanning 14° of latitude and both heat and cold tolerance were significantly correlated with latitude. Short‐term heat and cold acclimation significantly increased thermal tolerance limits across all populations, and there was local adaptation for acclimation responses for some traits. Furthermore, results showed large acclimatization responses in the field within populations for cold tolerance throughout a 13‐month period and smaller acclimatization responses for heat tolerance. Acclimatization responses were correlated with microhabitat temperature at the site of collection suggesting that plastic responses are highly dynamic and allow organisms to cope with changes in temperature. Our findings demonstrate small differences in upper and lower thermal tolerance limits across populations, but substantial local acclimatization effects dictated by microhabitat temperatures, and also highlight strong tradeoffs and limited scope to respond to increasing temperatures. These findings demonstrate the need for incorporating information on species’ ability to respond to environmental change using both laboratory and field approaches into climate change models. A plain language summary is available for this article.

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“…These variables are all known to affect arthropod diversity variation in general and springtails in particular (Ballesteros‐Meija, Kitching, Jetz, Beck, ; Braschler et al, ; Overgaard, Kearney, Hoffmann, ; Ulrich & Fiera, ). Temperature metrics were calculated as the mean day‐time temperature of the warmest month and mean night‐time temperature of the coldest month, respectively, across a 14‐year recent time‐series (January 2001–December 2015) from monthly remote‐sensed MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature data (MOD11C3; 0.05° resolution; see also Janion‐Scheepers et al, ). As a proxy of productive energy, mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI; MODIS/Terra MOD13C2; 0.05° resolution) was calculated for the same period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High spatial turnover in springtails of the Cape Floristic Region

Janion‐Scheepers

Bengtsson

Duffy

et al. 2020

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim:The extraordinary diversity of plants across the Cape Floristic Region is characterized by considerable species turnover among sites. Phytophagous insects show similarly high turnover, but their patterns are closely coupled to those of their hosts.If the mechanisms underlying high plant turnover are not unique to plants, similar patterns of turnover should also be seen in non-herbivorous arthropod groups. We tested this hypothesis using new data for the Collembola fauna of the Fynbos biome. Location:The south-western Cape, South Africa.Taxon: Springtails (Hexapoda: Collembola). Methods:We sampled springtails from six sites over two seasons. Species richness was compared with expected values from other studies worldwide given the environmental characteristics of the sites sampled. Nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity were calculated and compared against beta diversity patterns of springtails across Europe.Results: A total of 114 morphospecies from 14 families was collected. Species richness of Fynbos sites ranged from 14 to 31 species, which was not significantly different to that previously reported for non-Fynbos locations and generally within expectations given the temperature, rainfall and productive energy of each site. Beta diversity was high across all pairwise comparisons of Fynbos sites and dominated by species replacement rather than assemblage nestedness. Relative to the distance between sites, Fynbos assemblages, with a median inter-site distance of 140 km, showed beta diversity substantially higher than in European assemblages, which had a median inter-site distance of 1,270 km. Main conclusions: Alpha diversity of Fynbos Collembola assemblages is in keepingwith species richness expectations. By contrast, beta diversity is high given the small distances among sites and is characterized predominantly by species turnover. These patterns of unremarkable alpha diversity, but high turnover among sites are comparable to many Fynbos plant groups. The mechanisms giving rise to high beta diversity of the plants may also have led to high diversity in other taxa. K E Y W O R D S arthropods, belowground fauna, beta diversity, nestedness, soil diversity, species energy, turnover B I OS K E TCH E S Charlene Janion-Scheepers is interested in the adaptation and plasticity of organisms' responses to climate change and how these responses differ between introduced and indigenous species.

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Basal resistance enhances warming tolerance of alien over indigenous species across latitude

Cited by 72 publications

References 64 publications

Pathogen exposure disrupts an organism's ability to cope with thermal stress

Pathogen exposure disrupts an organism's ability to cope with thermal stress

Thermal acclimation and adaptation across populations in a broadly distributed soil arthropod

High spatial turnover in springtails of the Cape Floristic Region

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