Basal metabolism and age of adult man

Keys, Ancel; Taylor, Henry L.; Grande, Francisco

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(73)90071-1

Cited by 241 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Some of the patients who died from cancer showed an increase in BMR years before their diagnosis. Previous`longitudinal' studies (Keys et al, 1973;Shock & Yiengst, 1955) where two point measurements were made (without the bene®t of time series measurements) suggested a gradual decline or stabilisation of BMR. The study reported by Tzankoff and Norris (1978) suggests a marked distinction between two types of metabolic evolution in the elderly.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Changes In Bmrmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The authors concluded that`the physically active elderly in good health in this age range show a very small age related decline in BMR and fat free mass'. Keys et al (1973) also reported that cross-sectional data greatly overestimated the true age affect on BMR. They concluded that the reduction in BMR Mean values in rows with unlike superscript letters were signi®cantly different (P`0.05).…”

Section: Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is evident that the uncanny agreement observed in applying the surface law to express BMR in humans (see Figures 3 and 4) appears to have served to inhibit, rather than stimulate, an interest in de®ning the possible differences in metabolic rate between individuals during ageing. Indeed Keys et al (1973) went on to add`If the major interest is to evaluate the intensity of metabolism in the individual, some reference unit external to his own metabolism is essential'. The estimation of surface area has an unknown error associated with it.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Changes In Bmrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small sample size. Keys et al (1973) were the ®rst to express concern at the use of cross-sectional data to infer a dramatic decline in BMR with ageing. With this in mind, these authors presented the results of two studies.…”

Section: S83mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of changes in basal metabolism during ageing

Henry

2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

105

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A considerable number of physiological functions are known to show a gradual decline with increasing age. However, the effects of ageing differ widely between organ systems. It is believed that basal metabolic rate (BMR) falls dramatically with age. These observations, largely based on cross-sectional surveys, are discussed in light of our present understanding of the biology of ageing. This paper reviews both the longitudinal and crosssectional studies of BMR and presents evidence that the fall in BMR with ageing may be less dramatic than previously perceived. Indeed, some subjects may show an increase in BMR with ageing. The mechanism of changes in BMR during ageing will be discussed. Organ weight changes appear to have a profound impact on BMR. The use of BMR to predict total energy expenditure in the`old elderly' ( b 75 y) is unlikely to be of any practical use due to wide intra-and inter-individual variation in BMR. This wide intra-and inter-individual variation in BMR is due to illness, disease and other metabolic disorders seen in the elderly. Finally, the importance of measuring BMR in elderly populations for its use in clinical medicine will be discussed. Descriptors: aging; basal metabolic rate; body composition

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Section: Mechanisms Of Changes In Bmrmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Longitudinal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Of Changes In Bmrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: S83mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of changes in basal metabolism during ageing

Henry

2000

Eur J Clin Nutr

105

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“…Changes in RMR can therefore impact greatly on energy balance and hence the body mass. Furthermore, the agewise decline in absolute energy expenditure for the RMR (Keys et al, 1973;Shock & Yiengst, 1955) is alleged to be mainly due to decreases in fat free mass (FFM) which approximates the respiring tissue mass (Shock et al, 1963;Tzankoff & Norris, 1977). These FFM losses may be caused by a combination of biological ageing and diminishing levels of physical activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting metabolic rate, body composition and aerobic fitness comparisons between active and sedentary 54 –71 year old males

et al. 1999

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Objective: To test the hypothesis that 55±70 y old male longterm exercisers (LE) have higher resting metabolic rates (RMR) than longterm nonexercisers (LNE).Design: A power analysis demonstrated that this cross-sectional study required 12 subjects per group to detect a 10% RMR difference (kJ Á kg FFM 71 Á d 71 ) between the LE and LNE (power 0.8; a 0.05). Subjects: Twelve LE ( " AE sXdX; 63.5 AE 3.4 y; 1.75 AE 0.06 m; 69.01 AE 8.24 kg; 20.4AE 4.9 %BF) and 12 LNE (63.6 AE 5.6 y; 1.72 AE 0.07 m; 79.44 AE 12.4 kg; 29.6 AE 4.4 %BF) were recruited from advertisements placed in a newspaper and on university and community noticeboards. Interventions: Measurements were conducted for: RMR using the Douglas bag technique; body composition via a four compartment model which is based on determination of body density, total body water and bone mineral mass; and aerobic ®tness using a submaximal work test on a cycle ergometer. Results: The LE (93.00 AE 7.16 kJ Á kg 71 Ád 71 ) registered a signi®cantly greater (P 0.04) RMR than the LNE (84.70 AE 11.23 kJ Á kg 71 Ád 71 ) when energy expenditure was expressed relative to body mass, but this difference disappeared (P 0.55) when the data were corrected for the non-zero intercept of the graph of RMR (MJ/d) against body mass. ANCOVA with FFM as the covariate also indicated that the RMR (MJ/d) difference between the groups was not statistically signi®cant (P 0.28). The adjusted means for the LE and LNE were 6.39 and 6.62 MJ/d, respectively. Conclusions: There are no RMR (MJad) differences between LE and LNE 54±71 y old males when statistical control is exerted for the effect of FFM and the higher value of the former group for RMR normalised to body mass disappears when this ratio is corrected for statistical bias. Sponsorship: This study was supported by a joint grant from the Flinders University of South Australia and CSIRO (Australia).

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Energy Expenditure in Malnourished Patients With Colorectal Cancer

Dempsey¹

1986

Arch Surg

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Basal metabolism and age of adult man

Cited by 241 publications

References 10 publications

Mechanisms of changes in basal metabolism during ageing

Mechanisms of changes in basal metabolism during ageing

Resting metabolic rate, body composition and aerobic fitness comparisons between active and sedentary 54 –71 year old males

Energy Expenditure in Malnourished Patients With Colorectal Cancer

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