Basal Metabolism

Boothby, Walter M.; Sandiford, Irene

doi:10.1152/physrev.1924.4.1.69

Cited by 70 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The results we obtained on pulse and respiratory rate and on basal metabolic rate were all similar to those of previous investigators (41,55) who found no change or very small reductions in these functions after morphine. Depression of respiration by morphine, shown in our results, is in accord with expectations from animal experiments and from studies on patients with pneumonia (56).…”

Section: Morphinesupporting

confidence: 91%

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A Clinical Study of the Action of 10 Commonly Used Drugs on Cardiac Output, Work and Size; On Respiration, on Metabolic Rate and on the Electrocardiogram

Starr¹,

Gamble²,

Margolies³

et al. 1937

J. Clin. Invest.

165

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The possession of a technique which permitted rapid estimations of cardiac output and which, demanding no intelligent cooperation, seemed especially suitable for use on ward patients, has permitted an extensive study on the action of common drugs on the heart and circulation in clinical conditions. This study contains about 450 estimations of cardiac output performed on 85 patients.Coincidentally with these estimations the action of drugs on pulse rate, on blood pressure, on respiratory rate and volume, and on metabolic rate was observed. Orthodiagrams and electrocardiograms were secured also. Therefore, certain parts of our study dealt with effects already well known.The results of such estimations have permitted the calculation of heart work, of peripheral resistance, of arteriovenous oxygen difference, and of the ratio of heart work to heart size, the latter a factor of decisive importance in our conception of cardiac stimulation and depression. Therefore our study demonstrates the effect of drugs on these functions also.Most of the drugs selected are commonly used in cases of cardiac and circulatory disease. We have studied the actions of digitalis, epinephrine, ephedrine, caffeine, theophylline, carbaminoylcholine, sodium nitrite, nitroglycerine, pitressin, quinidine, morphine and strychnine. We have studied the effects of drugs in those clinical conditions in which physicians are accustomed to employ them.But when suitable cases were not available the effects were studied in other conditions. Almost without exception our results support the general conceptions of drug action derived from animal experiments. PROCEDUREAll estimations were performed in the morning. The patients received no food after their evening meal and no water after midnight. They were taken from the ward in bed or in a wheel chair. An electrocardiogram and an orthodiagram were obtained first. Then the subjects lay down for at least 45 minutes. Duplicate estimations of cardiac output and metabolism were then made, together with repeated determinations of pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and volume.If the study concerned a rapidly acting drug, this was administered soon after the control estimations. The patient was watched until evidence of the drug's action became manifest objectively. Duplicate estimations of cardiac output and metabolism were then made, the purpose being to make these determinations at the height of action. Orthodiagrams and electrocardiograms were secured immediately afterward. Cardiac output was estimated by the method of Starr and Gamble (1), the analyses being performed by the katharometer method of Donal, Gamble and Shaw (2). Metabolism was estimated from samples of expired air drawn from a mixing bottle containing a fan.Respiratory volume was obtained by reading the spirometer at frequent intervals. Respiratory rate was counted repeatedly during the period of observations. It is well known that subjects breathing from a spirometer under 3 mm. H,O negative pressure, and through valves, tend to breathe...

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Section: Morphinesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The effect of caffeine on the metabolic rate of our patients is similar to the experience of others (6,41) in that, while most subjects show no change after the drug, an occasional person shows a marked increase.…”

Section: Ephedrinesupporting

confidence: 89%

A Clinical Study of the Action of 10 Commonly Used Drugs on Cardiac Output, Work and Size; On Respiration, on Metabolic Rate and on the Electrocardiogram

Starr¹,

Gamble²,

Margolies³

et al. 1937

J. Clin. Invest.

165

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show abstract

“…Oxygen consumption was determined by the method of Nunn and Pouliot (1962), and is expressed as a percentage of basal according to the calorific data of Aub and Dubois (1917) and Boothby and Sandiford (1924). Their values are now considered rather high, being about 15 per cent above results obtained in well-rested subjects (Robertson and Reid, 1952).…”

Section: Calculation Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing the arterial oxygen tension during anaesthesia with artificial ventilation. 1965

Nunn¹,

Bergmann²,

Coleman³

1998

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…The occurrence of a latent period between the time of administration and the initial response to thyroid hormone has been emphasized [13,14] and has led to the postulation of an active intermediate. It is possible that iodoproteins are the active intermediates, and that the latent period is re lated to the time required for their formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactive Iodocompounds in the Neuraxis of <i>Rana pipiens</i> During Metamorphosis Induced with <sup>125</sup>I-Thyroxin

Dratman¹,

Jacob²,

Dacou³

1969

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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Basal Metabolism

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

A Clinical Study of the Action of 10 Commonly Used Drugs on Cardiac Output, Work and Size; On Respiration, on Metabolic Rate and on the Electrocardiogram

A Clinical Study of the Action of 10 Commonly Used Drugs on Cardiac Output, Work and Size; On Respiration, on Metabolic Rate and on the Electrocardiogram

Factors influencing the arterial oxygen tension during anaesthesia with artificial ventilation. 1965

Radioactive Iodocompounds in the Neuraxis of <i>Rana pipiens</i> During Metamorphosis Induced with <sup>125</sup>I-Thyroxin

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