Basal fat oxidation and after a peak oxygen consumption test in obese women with a β2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphism

Macho-Azcarate, T.; Martí, Amelia; Calabuig, J; Martínez, J. Alfredo

doi:10.1016/s0955-2863(03)00035-4

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…03) was found, which may contribute to the greater likelihood of an onset of obesity among these subjects. The fact that some studies have shown that a polymorphism on the ADRB2 gene adversely reduces fat oxidation (45) , which may consequently be associated with hyperlipidaemia, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, also helps to explain that carriers of the Glu27 allele may show an impaired response after high CHO intake, leading to obesity. Interestingly, a series of research papers has been devoted to the interplay between the polymorphism Pro12Ala of the PPARg 2 gene and dietary patterns in relation to obesity phenotypes (3) .…”

Section: Gene Variants Carbohydrate Consumption and Obesity Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between genes and lifestyle factors on obesity

2008

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Obesity originates from a failure of the body-weight control systems, which may be affected by changing environmental influences. Basically, the obesity risk depends on two important mutually-interacting factors: (1) genetic variants (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes); (2) exposure to environmental risks (diet, physical activity etc.). Common singlenucleotide polymorphisms at candidate genes for obesity may act as effect modifiers for environmental factors. More than 127 candidate genes for obesity have been reported and there is evidence to support the role of twenty-two genes in at least five different populations. Geneenvironment interactions imply that the synergy between genotype and environment deviates from either the additive or multiplicative effect (the underlying model needs to be specified to appraise the nature of the interaction). Unravelling the details of these interactions is a complex task. Emphasis should be placed on the accuracy of the assessment methods for both genotype and lifestyle factors. Appropriate study design (sample size) is crucial in avoiding false positives and ensuring that studies have enough power to detect significant interactions, the ideal design being a nested case-control study within a cohort. A growing number of studies are examining the influence of gene-environmental interactions on obesity in either epidemiological observational or intervention studies. Positive evidence has been obtained for genes involved in adiposity, lipid metabolism or energy regulation such as PPARg2 (Pro12Ala), b-adrenoceptor 2 (Gln27Glu) or uncoupling proteins 1, 2 and 3. Variants on other genes relating to appetite regulation such as melanocortin and leptin receptors have also been investigated. Examples of some recently-identified interactions are discussed.Obesity risk: Mutations: Physical activity: Diet: Gene-environment interaction Genetics of obesityNowadays, the availability of genomics technology represents a major advance in the study of the genetics of obesity (1,2) . Human genetic differences appear at the level of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, copy-number polymorphisms and the specific combinations of alleles (haplotypes) (3,4) . The configuration of multiple genes can range from polygenic (i.e. many genes with a relatively small contribution) to oligogenic (i.e. few genes with large measurable effects often expressed on a residual polygenic background). Indeed, it is this oligogenic architecture that has justified the current efforts to map genes for complex phenotypes. In the present paper the influence of a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding factors regulating food and energy intake and factors implicated in energy expenditure and adiposity will be summarised. Genes encoding factors regulating food and energy intakeIt is generally accepted that hypothalamic and brain stem centres are involved in the regulation of food intake and energy balance but only in the last decade has information on the relevant regulatory factors and their genes ...

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Section: Gene Variants Carbohydrate Consumption and Obesity Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between genes and lifestyle factors on obesity

2008

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Section: Physical Activity Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, some polymorphisms and allele variants of diverse genes (PPAR, ADRb2, LEP, TNF-a, etc) are presumed to be involved in obesity via interactions with the dietary intake of fatty acids, carbohydrates, etc, [76][77][78] as well as with the physical activity carried out. 78,79 Thus, an example of an interaction between genes and lifestyle can be seen in the observation that individuals carrying the Trp64Arg polymorphism in the b3 adrenoceptor gene have a notably increased risk of becoming obese when they remain sedentary. 80 Moreover, other interactions have also been described between genetics and nutrition with regard to prevalence of obesity, as is the case for the Pro12Ala mutation of the PPARg gene, or the Glu27Glu polymorphism for the b2 adrenoceptor gene, where a relatively high consumption of carbohydrates (more than 49% of the caloric value of the diet) increases BMI in individuals carrying such polymorphisms, respectively.…”

Section: Physical Activity Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes, lifestyles and obesity

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE: To review the role of genes and lifestyle factors, particularly dietary habits and physical activity patterns, in obesity risk as well as their potential interactions. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: A descriptive report of a number of genes definitely ascribed or potentially implicated in excessive fat accumulation leading to obesity as assessed by different research approaches (Mendelian transmission, genetic animal models, epidemiological association/linkage studies and genome-wide scans). Also, the involvement of macronutrient intake and composition (fat/carbohydrate) as well as the role of activity-linked energy expenditure in obesity onset is reviewed. RESULTS: Examples of the role of the genotype as well as of the dietary macronutrient composition/intake and sedentary/low energy cost of physical activities in obesity prevalence are reported. CONCLUSIONS: Both genes and everyday life environmental factors such as cultural and social mediated food intake and reduced domestic and living work activities are involved in the obesity pandemia. The occurrence of gene Â gene and gene Â environmental factors interactions makes it more difficult to interpret the specific roles of genetics and lifestyle in obesity risk.

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“…The peripheral transmission of central commands to the fat stores is mediated by sympathetic nervous system. The β-adrenoceptor gene family contains classical obesity candidate genes for its role in the regulation of energy expenditure [3,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Genes Encoding Factors Involved In Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Obesity: Gene × Nutrient Interactions

Martí

Martínéz

2006

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

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Obesity results from a long-term positive energy balance, in which gene-related differences may account for some of the disparities found in weight gain among populations. However, the rising prevalence of obesity in developed and developing societies must reflect lifestyle changes. Despite that the genetic background remains stable over many generations, obesity may be derived from a failure on the homeostasis systems, as a consequence of a dysfunction at the genetic level, which may be affected by changing environmental exposure (dietary habits, sedentarism, etc). In practice, obesity risk at least depends on two important factors, which mutually interact: 1) genetic variants and gene expression changes in candidate genes and 2) exposure to environmental risk factors. Disagreements among studies involving gene-nutrient interactions may reflect the difficulty of accurate measurement of specific types of dietary macro and micronutrients intake as well of phenotype assessment rather than a discrepancy in biological relevance. Identification of individuals who are genetically more likely to respond to particular dietary changes may be important for successful intervention in obesity treatment, since gene screening will allow health professionals to tailor-design weight management and dietary guidance in individuals with a genetic predisposition to become obese.

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Basal fat oxidation and after a peak oxygen consumption test in obese women with a β2 adrenoceptor gene polymorphism

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Interaction between genes and lifestyle factors on obesity

Interaction between genes and lifestyle factors on obesity

Genes, lifestyles and obesity

Genetics of Obesity: Gene × Nutrient Interactions

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