Basal cortisol levels do not predict adrenal responsiveness in acute decompensated cirrhosis

Abstract

Objective Morning total cortisol (TC) levels have been shown to predict adrenal dysfunction (AD) in the general population, but their utility in cirrhosis is unknown. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed including all noncritically ill patients at our institution between 2011 and 2022 admitted with acute decompensated cirrhosis who underwent standard-dose adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation testing. Adrenal dysfunction was defined as an increase in TC (delta TC) level <9 µg/dl 60 minutes after ACTH dosing. Spearman correlation was utilized to assess the relationship between binding globulins and cortisol levels. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine if basal TC level or common clinical parameters were predictive of AD. Results One hundred and nineteen patients were included, with a median model for end-stage liver disease score of 18. Albumin levels did not correlate with basal TC levels (ρ = 0.127; P = 0.169); basal TC did not correlate with delta TC (ρ = 0.050; P = 0.591). The degree of hypoalbuminemia did not alter these relationships. On multivariate regression, only albumin level [odds ratio (OR) = 0.418; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.196–0.890; P = 0.024] and MELD score (OR, 1.094; 95% CI, 1.019–1.174; P = 0.014) were predictive of AD. Basal TC levels were not predictive of AD (OR = 0.991; 95% CI, 0.903–1.088; P = 0.855) or delta TC (β = 0.000; 95% CI −0.147 to 0.147; P = 0.999). Conclusion Baseline TC levels do not predict ACTH stimulation testing response in patients with acute decompensated cirrhosis. Clinicians should avoid utilizing an isolated morning cortisol result as a screening method for AD in this population.