Basal and Sleeping Metabolic Rates in Psychiatric Disorders

Dally, Peter

doi:10.1192/bjp.104.435.428

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At the end of the placebo phase(s) each subject received his full dose of drug. Phenothiazines have been noted to produce immediate sedative effects (Ayd, 1965;Cole, Klerman, & Jones, 1960) which are transitory and which precede antipsychotic or therapeutic effects (Dally, 1967;DiMascio, Haven, & Klerman, 1963;Kurbach, 1965). Decreases in the frequency of behavior while on active medication might therefore be dismissed as transitory and attributable to drowsiness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Withdrawal of Chronic Chlorpromazine Medication: An Experimental Analysis

Marholin

1979

J of App Behav Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Approximately 50% of all institutionalized, mentally retarded adults receive psychotropic medication to control inappropriate behavior. In this study, behaviors exhibited by five retarded adults were formally observed while they were on and off medication. Each subject had been receiving chlorpromazine for six or more years prior to the start of the study. The drug was withdrawn and readministered using a double-blind B-A-B (drug placebo-drug) design. Effects were highly individualized. Some desirable behavior emerged when chlorpromazine was discontinued.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Withdrawal of Chronic Chlorpromazine Medication: An Experimental Analysis

Marholin

1979

J of App Behav Analysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Stern(12) found a significant increase on all objective test tasks, including motor persistence, following an increase in thyroid activity. Whitaker (4) found that small doses of thyroid hormone enhanced conditioning, while larger doses were detrimental, suggesting an optimal operating level for subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Some personality correlates of blood protein bound iodine

Stieper

Loper

1963

J. Clin. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PROBLEM Extensive work has been done to relate personality factors to physiological and physio-chemical measurements in efforts to determine (1) interactions between the two for more precise diagnostic and /or etiological information, and (2) likely causal relationships. The purpose of this study is to delineate areas of personal activity or achievement which might be reflective of high physiological energy. One rationale for this is that performance in these areas might then be enhanced by artificially raising or lowering energy levels in an effort to make the person more meaningfully productive."Energy level" will be operationally defined as the measured amount of blood protein bound iodine (PBI), expressive of the rate of thyroid activity. Previously, the basal metabolism rate (BMR) was the accepted measuring device. However, the former measure is now presumed to be the more accurate. Duncan(6) reports that the "hit" rate for the PBI test in assessing hyperthyroidism is 88% in comparison to 60% for the BMR, the PBI thus yielding fewer false negatives.Previous studies(7' *, 11) in this general area have shown negative, inverse, or inconsistent relationships between BMR and academic skills, acting out behavior, and performance speed on psychological tests. One(") of the prior studies, in attempting to explain the more rapid speed on a timed test demonstrated by low BMR subjects, described this as a reaction formation of these normally lethargic patients against their lethargy.Board, Wadeson and Persky@) found that the PBI test was generally higher in depressives than in non-depressives, but this difference was not significant statistically, a finding contrary to expectation. A4 more optimistic note was struck by D~n g i e r '~] who used radioactive iodine uptake and blood count to determine amount of thyroid activity on the basis of personality categories derived from the results of projective tests. D a l l e~'~) found he could use a sleeping basal metabolism rate to predict adequately amounts of tension in psychiatric patients. Stern (12) found a significant increase on all objective test tasks, including motor persistence, following an increase in thyroid activity. Whitaker(4) found that small doses of thyroid hormone enhanced conditioning, while larger doses were detrimental, suggesting an optimal operating level for subjects.B r~d y '~) classified 125 patients of varying diagnoses into high and low tension states on an armchair rating basis, finding small but significant differences between the group means on iodine serum levels. A study by M~C u r d y (~) of 30 college women found that BMR correlated positively and significantly with psychology grades, point-hour ratio, and age, but not with scores on the Otis Self-Administering test of mental ability. Gaskill and Fritz(') found no relationship between B M R and ACE scores in 614 freshmen a t Iowa State. METHOD This study as it was finally conceived consisted of correlating PBI rates with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) personality ...

show abstract

“…Smith, 1954), low hippuric acid elimination, a shift in the relation of glutamine and glutamic acid (Brice, 1934;Munkward, 1950Munkward, -1951, lowered sedimentation rate, lowered blood clotting time (Hauptmann, 1915), acidosis, hyperchloremia, slightly reduced glucose tolerance (Henneman, Altschule, and Goncz, 1954;Kanner, 1928;Kasanin, 1926;Katzenelbogen, 1937;Katzenelbogen and Friedman-Buchman, 1933), defect in the secretion of 17 ketosteroids (Hoagland, Elmadjian, RowanofT, Freeman, Hope, Ballan, Berdeley, and Carlo, 1953), loss of weight, and deficient thermoregulation (Buck, Carscallen, and Hobbs, 1955;Hoskins, 1946). The » 123 « thyroid function can be impaired; blood lactic acid can be increased; and the basic metabolic rate is often low (Bowman and Grabfield, 1923;Bowman, Miller, Dailey, Simon, and Mayer, 1950;Dally, 1958).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical aspects of schizophrenia and pharmacodynamic implications.

Minz¹

1960

Chronic Schizophrenia: Explorations in Theory and Treatment.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A RIGOROUS APPROACH to the study of disease would start with a thorough clinical analysis of a disorder or group of disorders and proceed with the elaboration of an adequate therapy. The history of medicine reveals, however, that this logical procedure has rarely been employed. On the contrary, in many instances a very efficient therapy was found, and then, investigations of the possible underlying mechanisms were undertaken or simply left to physiologists or pharmacologists. This has been the case in the treatment of decompensated heart failures with digitalis, the treatment of pernicious anemia with liver extracts, and that of rheumatic fever with ACTH and cortico-steroids. The malaria therapy in general paresis, the electroshock treatment of involutional depression, and, more recently, the successful administration of Rauwolfia alkaloids and phenothiazine derivatives in schizophrenia are cases in point in the field of psychiatry (Kass and Brown, 1955). None of these often spectacular effects have been elucidated in a satisfactory way, but their mere existence constitutes a considerable stimulus for research.The observation that certain abnormal behavioral reactions can

show abstract

Basal and Sleeping Metabolic Rates in Psychiatric Disorders

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Withdrawal of Chronic Chlorpromazine Medication: An Experimental Analysis

Withdrawal of Chronic Chlorpromazine Medication: An Experimental Analysis

Some personality correlates of blood protein bound iodine

Biochemical aspects of schizophrenia and pharmacodynamic implications.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About