Basal and Resting Metabolic Rates of Physically Disabled Adult Subjects: A Systematic Review of Controlled Cross-Sectional Studies

Abstract

Aim: To systematically review studies that investigated the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) of physically disabled adult subjects. Methods: The studies were identified via MedLine, Science Direct, Science Search, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Wiley, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Cochrane, Indice Bibliográfico Espanõl de Ciencias de la Salud, Scopus, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Database and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe. No restriction on publication date was imposed. Results: Data from 6 studies were included. The results showed that physically disabled adult subjects have a lower BMR and/or RMR compared to nondisabled subjects. However, the difference between the groups disappeared when the BMR and RMR were adjusted for fat-free mass. Due to the small number of studies on this subject and the limited types of physical disabilities evaluated in the literature, we could not make a definitive conclusion. Conclusions: Disabled individuals seem to have a lower absolute BMR and/or RMR than able-bodied adults; however, this difference was not present or else it disappeared in half of the studies, after adjusting for body mass and/or fat-free mass.

Tasa metabólica en reposo por calorimetría indirecta y ecuaciones de predicción en deportistas con amputación: Análisis de concordancia

“…Este hallazgo se correlaciona con la composición corporal, dado que es bien sabido que el gasto de energía se encuentra directamente relacionado con la masa metabólicamente activa. En este estudio la media MM fue 55,9 ± 5,37 Kg, dato más alto si se compara con lo reportado en estudios similares con población en discapacidad, el cual oscila entre 39,9 a 53,2 kg de MM 22,23,24 ; esta diferencia puede explicarse dado que la mayoría de los estudios encontrados incluyen deportistas con parálisis, paraplejia o tetraplejia y no con amputación de una pierna.…”

Measured and predicted resting energy expenditure in wheelchair rugby athletes

“…Among sport populations, REE has been measured via indirect calorimetry or predicted from regression equations developed on persons with and without physical disabilities. 7,10,13 Indirect calorimetry requires considerable expense and data collector expertise, yielding the use of prediction equations as a more practical method for those working with athletes. To determine if prediction equations are suitable alternatives to measured REE, empirical examination must support their usage.…”

“…[6][7][8] Specifically, REE is 14-27% lower in persons with SCI compared to persons without and wheelchair rugby requires approximately 26% of the energy demand required for standing rugby. [9][10][11][12][13] Without a clear understanding of REE in this population, there is no evidence-based model to prescribe appropriate energy intake during training or competition. This gap in practice is problematic since insufficient energy intake during training decreases exercise capacity, impairs power output, reduces the body's ability to recover between training sessions, and ultimately increases the risk of injury and illness in athletes with physical impairments.…”