Bartonella henselae infection in diverse clinical conditions in a tertiary care hospital in north India

Chaudhry, Rama; Kokkayil, Prathyusha; Ghosh, Arnab; Bahadur, Tej; Kant, Kamla; Sagar, Tanu; Kabra, S K; Lodha, Rakesh; Dey, Aparajit Ballav; Menon, Vimla

doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1932_16

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…The Bartonella species and their respective reservoir hosts are increasing constantly, and over 40 species and subspecies of Bartonella have now been detected in domestic and wild animals including cats, dogs, rodents, cattle, deer, bats, and so on 2 . Several Bartonella species were recognized as human pathogens, such as B. bacilliformis 3 , B. quintana 4 , B. henselae 5 , B. elizabethae 6 , B. clarridgeiae 7 , B. koehlerae 8 , B. vinsonii subsp . arupensis 9 , B. vinsonii subsp .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Bartonella species in small mammals in the Qaidam Basin, western China

Rao

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Investigation of the prevalence and diversity of Bartonella infections in small mammals in the Qaidam Basin, western China, could provide a scientific basis for the control and prevention of Bartonella infections in humans. Accordingly, in this study, small mammals were captured using snap traps in Wulan County and Ge’ermu City, Qaidam Basin, China. Spleen and brain tissues were collected and cultured to isolate Bartonella strains. The suspected positive colonies were detected with polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of gltA, ftsZ, RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB) and ribC genes. Among 101 small mammals, 39 were positive for Bartonella, with the infection rate of 38.61%. The infection rate in different tissues (spleens and brains) (χ2 = 0.112, P = 0.738) and gender (χ2 = 1.927, P = 0.165) of small mammals did not have statistical difference, but that in different habitats had statistical difference (χ2 = 10.361, P = 0.016). Through genetic evolution analysis, 40 Bartonella strains were identified (two different Bartonella species were detected in one small mammal), including B. grahamii (30), B. jaculi (3), B. krasnovii (3) and Candidatus B. gerbillinarum (4), which showed rodent-specific characteristics. B. grahamii was the dominant epidemic strain (accounted for 75.0%). Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis showed that B. grahamii in the Qaidam Basin, might be close to the strains isolated from Japan and China. Overall, we observed a high prevalence of Bartonella infection in small mammals in the Qaidam Basin. B. grahamii may cause human disease, and the pathogenicity of the others Bartonella species needs further study, the corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken into consideration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Bartonella species in small mammals in the Qaidam Basin, western China

Rao

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Despite the evidence of disease burden in humans, bartonellosis remains under-detected in tropical countries such as India. Few studies investigate Bartonella-associated infections in humans in India [8][9][10]. For instance, in the Government General Hospital, Chennai, in South India (2005)(2006), patients admitted with endocarditis were diagnosed with B. quintana [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in the Government General Hospital, Chennai, in South India (2005)(2006), patients admitted with endocarditis were diagnosed with B. quintana [10]. Similarly, in tertiary care hospitals in North India, B. henselae was detected in patients admitted with fever, lymphadenopathy, and optic neuritis [8,9]. All these studies reported a high prevalence (8-23%) of Bartonella indicating that bartonellosis is an important existing infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High prevalence and diversity of Bartonella in small mammals from the biodiverse Western Ghats

2021

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Bartonella species are recognized globally as emerging zoonotic pathogens. Small mammals such as rodents and shrews are implicated as major natural reservoirs for these microbial agents. Nevertheless, in several tropical countries, like India, the diversity of Bartonella in small mammals remain unexplored and limited information exists on the natural transmission cycles (reservoirs and vectors) of these bacteria. Using a multi-locus sequencing approach, we investigated the prevalence, haplotype diversity, and phylogenetic affinities of Bartonella in small mammals and their associated mites in a mixed-use landscape in the biodiverse Western Ghats in southern India. We sampled 141 individual small mammals belonging to eight species. Bartonella was detected in five of the eight species, including three previously unknown hosts. We observed high interspecies variability of Bartonella prevalence in the host community. However, the overall prevalence (52.5%) and haplotype diversity (0.9) was high for the individuals tested. Of the seven lineages of Bartonella identified in our samples, five lineages were phylogenetically related to putative zoonotic species–B. tribocorum, B. queenslandensis, and B. elizabethae. Haplotypes identified from mites were identical to those identified from their host species. This indicates that these Bartonella species may be zoonotic, but further work is necessary to confirm whether these are pathogenic and pose a threat to humans. Taken together, these results emphasize the presence of hitherto unexplored diversity of Bartonella in wild and synanthropic small mammals in mixed-use landscapes. The study also highlights the necessity to assess the risk of spillover to humans and other incidental hosts.

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“…Although several genotypes of B. henselae have been identified so far, two main genotypes have been designated Houston-1 (Type 1) and Marseille (Type 2). Type 1 is a commonly isolated genotype in humans from Western Europe and Australia, and it is considered more virulent 1,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pediatric case of Bartonella henselae and Epstein Barr virus disease with bone and hepatosplenic involvement

Aparicio-Casares¹,

Puente-Rico²,

Tomé-Nestal³

et al. 2021

BMHIM

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Background: Cat scratch disease (CSD) is an infectious disorder caused by Bartonella henselae. The infection usually presents as local lymphadenopathy, fever, and mild constitutional symptoms. Systemic or severe disease is reported in 5-20% of patients with CSD. We report a case of disseminated CSD with osteomyelitis and hepatosplenic disease and a review of the literature. Case report: A previously healthy 5-year-old male presented with prolonged fever and abdominal pain, followed by low back pain. The serologic test showed positive IgG for B. henselae and IgM and IgG for Epstein Barr virus (EBV). The abdominal ultrasound showed hepatic and splenic hypoechoic lesions, and the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed spondylitis of the D6 vertebra. He received treatment with azithromycin for 4 weeks and rifampicin for 6 weeks. The symptoms disappeared, and the abdominal ultrasound was normal nine months later. Conclusions: Disseminated CSD is infrequent. The diagnosis requires a high rate of suspicion. Laboratory findings of Bartonella infection are often non-specific. Serologic test, polymerase chain reaction of B. henselae in blood or biopsied material of the site of involvement and imaging test can be performed to confirm the diagnosis. The diagnosis of disseminated B. henselae was based on significantly elevated blood titers, radiologic findings, and epidemiologic history. Treatment of CSD depends on the disease presentation. Azithromycin is used as a first-line agent for lymphadenopathy. The optimum treatment and its duration have not been established in atypical or complicated CSD, including patients with osteomyelitis and hepatosplenic disease.

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Bartonella henselae infection in diverse clinical conditions in a tertiary care hospital in north India

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Genetic diversity of Bartonella species in small mammals in the Qaidam Basin, western China

Genetic diversity of Bartonella species in small mammals in the Qaidam Basin, western China

High prevalence and diversity of Bartonella in small mammals from the biodiverse Western Ghats

A pediatric case of Bartonella henselae and Epstein Barr virus disease with bone and hepatosplenic involvement

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