Bartonella Henselae in Captive and Hunter-Harvested Beluga (Delphinapterus Leucas)

Maggi, Ricardo G.; Raverty, Stephen; Lester, Sally; Huff, David G.; Haulena, Martin; Ford, Susan L.; Nielsen, Ole; Robinson, John H.; Breitschwerdt, Edward B.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-44.4.871

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…infections is potentially detrimental for patient diagnosis and patient management decisions. Briefly, B. henselae, the acknowledged cause of CSD, has also been documented (by PCR or isolation) in dogs [13,25,50-54], dolphins [55,56], feral swine [57], horses [58-60], and Beluga whales [61]. In North America, B. henselae is the most frequent Bartonella species isolated from bacteremic sick dogs [54] and people [10,11,62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bartonella henselae bacteremia in a mother and son potentially associated with tick exposure

et al. 2013

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BackgroundBartonella henselae is a zoonotic, alpha Proteobacterium, historically associated with cat scratch disease (CSD), but more recently associated with persistent bacteremia, fever of unknown origin, arthritic and neurological disorders, and bacillary angiomatosis, and peliosis hepatis in immunocompromised patients. A family from the Netherlands contacted our laboratory requesting to be included in a research study (NCSU-IRB#1960), designed to characterize Bartonella spp. bacteremia in people with extensive arthropod or animal exposure. All four family members had been exposed to tick bites in Zeeland, southwestern Netherlands. The mother and son were exhibiting symptoms including fatigue, headaches, memory loss, disorientation, peripheral neuropathic pain, striae (son only), and loss of coordination, whereas the father and daughter were healthy.MethodsEach family member was tested for serological evidence of Bartonella exposure using B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotypes I-III, B. henselae and B. koehlerae indirect fluorescent antibody assays and for bacteremia using the BAPGM enrichment blood culture platform.ResultsThe mother was seroreactive to multiple Bartonella spp. antigens and bacteremia was confirmed by PCR amplification of B. henselae DNA from blood, and from a BAPGM blood agar plate subculture isolate. The son was not seroreactive to any Bartonella sp. antigen, but B. henselae DNA was amplified from several blood and serum samples, from BAPGM enrichment blood culture, and from a cutaneous striae biopsy. The father and daughter were seronegative to all Bartonella spp. antigens, and negative for Bartonella DNA amplification.ConclusionsHistorically, persistent B. henselae bacteremia was not thought to occur in immunocompetent humans. To our knowledge, this study provides preliminary evidence supporting the possibility of persistent B. henselae bacteremia in immunocompetent persons from Europe. Cat or flea contact was considered an unlikely source of transmission and the mother, a physician, reported that clinical symptoms developed following tick exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a B. henselae organism has been visualized in and amplified from a striae lesion. As the tick bites occurred three years prior to documentation of B. henselae bacteremia, the mode of transmission could not be determined.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bartonella henselae bacteremia in a mother and son potentially associated with tick exposure

et al. 2013

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“…Several new viruses have been reported in recent years as diagnostic laboratories specializing in marine mammal disease have become available. 24 Transmission of this agent is still poorly understood in cetaceans. A novel parainfluenza virus (TtPIV-1) was identified in an adult Atlantic bottlenose dolphin and was associated with pneumonia and mortality in this animal.…”

Section: Delphinapterus Leucas (In Situ)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises)

Dold¹

2015

Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine, Volume 8

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“…Remarkably, the infection rate may reach up to around 50% in feral cats or rodents and can be as high as 90% in wild ruminants (reviewed in reference 51). Apart from these groups of thoroughly investigated animals, Bartonella infections have been reported for diverse hosts such as bats (240), aquatic mammals (belugas [270]), and even nonmammal vertebrates (sea turtles [423]). Despite certain geographic differences that coincide with vector ecology, it is obvious that Bartonella infections are among the most prevalent bacterial infections worldwide.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Aspects Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Intruders below the Radar: Molecular Pathogenesis of Bartonella spp

2012

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SUMMARY Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens that employ a unique stealth infection strategy comprising immune evasion and modulation, intimate interaction with nucleated cells, and intraerythrocytic persistence. Infections with Bartonella are ubiquitous among mammals, and many species can infect humans either as their natural host or incidentally as zoonotic pathogens. Upon inoculation into a naive host, the bartonellae first colonize a primary niche that is widely accepted to involve the manipulation of nucleated host cells, e.g., in the microvasculature. Consistently, in vitro research showed that Bartonella harbors an ample arsenal of virulence factors to modulate the response of such cells, gain entrance, and establish an intracellular niche. Subsequently, the bacteria are seeded into the bloodstream where they invade erythrocytes and give rise to a typically asymptomatic intraerythrocytic bacteremia. While this course of infection is characteristic for natural hosts, zoonotic infections or the infection of immunocompromised patients may alter the path of Bartonella and result in considerable morbidity. In this review we compile current knowledge on the molecular processes underlying both the infection strategy and pathogenesis of Bartonella and discuss their connection to the clinical presentation of human patients, which ranges from minor complaints to life-threatening disease.

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Bartonella Henselae in Captive and Hunter-Harvested Beluga (Delphinapterus Leucas)

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Bartonella henselae bacteremia in a mother and son potentially associated with tick exposure

Bartonella henselae bacteremia in a mother and son potentially associated with tick exposure

Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises)

Intruders below the Radar: Molecular Pathogenesis of Bartonella spp

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