Bartlett Revisited: Reconfiguration of Long-Term Memory in Young and Older Adults

Ahlberg, Shari W; Sharps, Matthew J.

doi:10.1080/00221320209598678

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Possible explanations may include the capacity of people to forget early life health issues when these were distressing (15), did not continue into adult life (16), or were not of sufficient severity in childhood to be recalled later. As well, early memory may have been "reconfigured" as participants became older (17). Among adults who had childhood asthma, those with severe eczema or with hay fever were less likely to misclassify than those without these disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Who Remembers Whether They Had Asthma as Children?

et al. 2006

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Who Remembers Whether They Had Asthma as Children?

et al. 2006

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“…Finally, memories are frequently reconfigured in the direction of personal belief or prior attitudes; Bartlett (1932) showed that British subjects' memories of Native American stories were altered by custom and belief, and also that relatively abstract figures could be changed in memory into specific, meaningful pictures of everyday objects if appropriate suggestions were provided by the experimenter. Modern work has largely confirmed the major points described by Bartlett (e.g., Ahlberg and Sharps 2002;Bergman and Roediger 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 71%

Eyewitness Memory in Context: Toward a Taxonomy of Eyewitness Error

Sharps

Janigian

Hess

et al. 2008

J Police Crim Psych

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Although eyewitness memory and identification have captured substantial research interest in the past decades, an understanding of the types and prevalence of errors typically made by eyewitnesses is lacking. The purpose of the present research was to begin the development of a taxonomy of eyewitness error, employing standardized stimuli and established techniques. Respondents were exposed to a crime scene modeled on SWAT-training scenarios for systematically varied exposure times, and were then asked to describe what they had seen. The stimuli and questions employed were prepared with the aid of senior police field training officers. As anticipated, eyewitness performance in general was subject to a variety of inaccuracies. Physical errors, such as mistakes in the clothing or physical characteristics of the perpetrator, or in details of the environmental context, predominated. However, other less-expected errors were also observed: in relatively low numbers of cases, witnesses inferred emotional states or intent on the part of the perpetrator or victim. Some contributed wholly artificial backstories, reported the future actions of the perpetrator or victim as memories, or even inserted themselves into the scene. The pattern of results was shown to interact with exposure time, gender of the perpetrator, and the presence or absence of weapons in the scene. The results of this study are consistent with reconfigurative theory dating to Bartlett (1932), with subsequent research, and with more recent work under the aegis of Gestalt/Feature-Intensive Processing theory. These findings provide information on types and prevalence of eyewitness error which should prove useful in investigative and courtroom settings.

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“…Criticisms of Bartlett's work (Wheeler & Roediger, 1992) have now been largely reconciled with reference to methodological differences (Bergman & Roediger, 1999), and the trends identified by Bartlett have recently been replicated (Ahlberg & Sharps, 2002;Bergman & Roediger).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cognition and Belief in Paranormal Phenomena: Gestalt/Feature-Intensive Processing Theory and Tendencies Toward ADHD, Depression, and Dissociation

Sharps

Matthews

Asten

2006

The Journal of Psychology

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Belief in paranormal phenomena and cryptids--unknown animals such as Bigfoot--may predispose individuals to interpret real-world objects and events in the same way that eyewitness identification can be biased by unrelated information (P. James and N. Thorpe, 1999). Psychological tendencies toward attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dissociation, and depression, even at subclinical levels, may be associated systematically with particular paranormal or cryptozoological beliefs. The authors evaluated these psychological tendencies using the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales (C. K. Conners, D. Erhardt, and E. Sparrow, 1999), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (L. Coleman & J. Clark, 1999), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (A. T. Beck, 1996). They performed regression analyses against beliefs in ghosts, unidentified flying objects (UFOs), extrasensory perception (ESP), astrology, and cryptids. ADHD, dissociation, and depression were associated with enhanced tendencies toward paranormal and cryptozoological beliefs, although participants who believed in each of the phenomena differed from one another in predictable and psychologically distinguishable ways. Cognitively biasing influences of preexisting psychological tendencies may predispose individuals to specific perceptual and cognitive errors during confrontation of real-world phenomena.

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Bartlett Revisited: Reconfiguration of Long-Term Memory in Young and Older Adults

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Who Remembers Whether They Had Asthma as Children?

Who Remembers Whether They Had Asthma as Children?

Eyewitness Memory in Context: Toward a Taxonomy of Eyewitness Error

Cognition and Belief in Paranormal Phenomena: Gestalt/Feature-Intensive Processing Theory and Tendencies Toward ADHD, Depression, and Dissociation

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