Barriers towards HPV Vaccinations for Boys and Young Men: A Narrative Review

Grandahl, Maria; Nevéus, Tryggve

doi:10.3390/v13081644

Cited by 42 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Nevertheless, barriers still exist to achieving prevalent HPV vaccination in men, including but not limited to a lack of knowledge regarding HPV, prejudices against the vaccine, various sociodemographic and religious factors, fear of side effects, and concerns about cost ( Grandahl and Neveus, 2021 ). Consequently, it is necessary to enrich knowledge regarding HPV-related diseases in the general population so that more people are willing to get vaccinated.…”

Section: Prevention Of Hpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and treatment of human papillomavirus in men benefits both men and women

Zou

Huang

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Men should not be overlooked in research on human papillomavirus (HPV) and its associated genital diseases. This is because men infected with HPV are not only at higher risk of genital cancers, but also increase their partners’ risk of HPV infection and reinfection through sexual contact. Herein, we summarized the state of knowledge regarding the prevention and treatment of HPV infection in men as well as the possible effects of the prevention and treatment of HPV in men on their female partners. Condom use, smoking cessation, male circumcision, and HPV vaccination for men each play an important role in preventing HPV infection within heterosexual couples. Additionally, men could choose to test for certain types of HPV, such as the oncogenic HPV16 or HPV18 strains, as part of a routine screening program when their partner is positive for HPV. Although there is no recognized treatment for HPV infection as of yet, immunotherapy drugs, such as toll-like receptor agonists, therapeutic HPV vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown promising results in clinical trials and in actual clinical practice. HPV infection in men also increases the risk of cervical cancer in their female partners. Because of the high partner concordance for HPV demonstrated in prior research, the prevention and treatment of HPV in men should be explored more comprehensively in future research.

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Section: Prevention Of Hpvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and treatment of human papillomavirus in men benefits both men and women

Zou

Huang

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…This highlights the importance of implementing HPV immunization programs worldwide. Unfortunately, vaccination coverage in most countries is still suboptimal and varies both between and within countries [21][22][23]. Another obstacle is that in many countries boys and men are vaccinated at low rates.…”

Section: Prophylactic Vaccines Play An Important Role In Preventing I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, only 4% of boys had received the full course of the vaccine worldwide [22]. At the moment, vaccination of boys is recommended to reduce HPV prevalence and has been included in nationwide school-based vaccination programs across the globe [23]. Models predict that vaccination of boys, in addition to girls, can eliminate HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18, if 80% coverage is achieved [24].…”

Section: Prophylactic Vaccines Play An Important Role In Preventing I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of HPV-Associated (Pre-)Cancer of the Cervix, Vulva and Penis

Rafael

Rotman

Brouwer

et al. 2022

JCM

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection drives tumorigenesis in almost all cervical cancers and a fraction of vulvar and penile cancers. Due to increasing incidence and low vaccination rates, many will still have to face HPV-related morbidity and mortality in the upcoming years. Current treatment options (i.e., surgery and/or chemoradiation) for urogenital (pre-)malignancies can have profound psychosocial and psychosexual effects on patients. Moreover, in the setting of advanced disease, responses to current therapies remain poor and nondurable, highlighting the unmet need for novel therapies that prevent recurrent disease and improve clinical outcome. Immunotherapy can be a useful addition to the current therapeutic strategies in various settings of disease, offering relatively fewer adverse effects and potential improvement in survival. This review discusses immune evasion mechanisms accompanying HPV infection and HPV-related tumorigenesis and summarizes current immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of HPV-related (pre-)malignant lesions of the uterine cervix, vulva, and penis.

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“…In women, preventive HPV vaccines were proven to reduce the risk of cervical cancer (an HPV-related disease) by 87% in a large observational study in UK ( 109 ). The role of preventive HPV vaccination in reducing the incidence of PSCC is unclear, but the proportion of men vaccinated against HPV is very low, approximately 4% in 2019 ( 110 ). Unlike prophylactic HPV vaccines to protect the population from HPV infection, therapeutic HPV vaccines are designed to clear tumors through the immune system.…”

Section: Immune-based Treatments For Penile Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune landscape and immunotherapy for penile cancer

Tang

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Penile cancer is a rare malignancy and usually refers to penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC), which accounts for more than 95% of all penile malignancies. Although organ-sparing surgery is an effective treatment for early-stage PSCC, surgical intervention alone is often not curative for advanced PSCC with metastases to the inguinal and/or pelvic lymph nodes; thus, systemic therapy is required (usually platinum-based chemotherapy and surgery combined). However, chemotherapy for PSCC has proven to be of limited efficacy and is often accompanied by high toxicity, and patients with advanced PSCC usually have poor prognosis. The limited treatment options and poor prognosis indicate the unmet need for advanced PSCC. Immune-based therapies have been approved for a variety of genitourinary and squamous cell carcinomas but are rarely reported in PSCC. To date, several studies have reported high expression of PDL1 in PSCC, supporting the potential application of immune checkpoint inhibitors in PSCC. In addition, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly prevalent in PSCC and plays a key role in the carcinogenesis of HPV-positive PSCC, suggesting that therapeutic HPV vaccine may also be a potential treatment modality. Moreover, adoptive T cell therapy (ATC) has also shown efficacy in treating advanced penile cancer in some early clinical trials. The development of new therapeutics relies on understanding the underlying biological mechanisms and processes of tumor initiation, progression and metastasis. Therefore, based on the interest, we reviewed the tumor immune microenvironment and the emerging immunotherapy for penile cancer.

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Barriers towards HPV Vaccinations for Boys and Young Men: A Narrative Review

Cited by 42 publications

References 127 publications

Prevention and treatment of human papillomavirus in men benefits both men and women

Prevention and treatment of human papillomavirus in men benefits both men and women

Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of HPV-Associated (Pre-)Cancer of the Cervix, Vulva and Penis

Immune landscape and immunotherapy for penile cancer

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