Barriers to Women Entering the Field of Orthopedic Surgery

Miller, Emily; LaPorte, Dawn M.

doi:10.3928/01477447-20150902-03

Cited by 48 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our study found that there is a significant gender disparity in academic orthopedics in Canada, with men holding most of the higher academic as well as leadership positions. Previous research has found that there are at least six common factors for gender disparity in orthopedic surgery: a perceived hostile work environment; lack of equality in rank and leadership by gender; a disparity in salary; an unfavorable work-life balance for women compounded by the disproportionate burden of family responsibilities; a lack of physical strength; and a lack of strong mentorship in school [14][15][16]. The current study investigated the holistic outcome of these factors and measured it through research productivity (H-index), leadership positions, and the academic rank of academic orthopedic surgeons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been predominantly attributed to significantly lower research productivity by female orthopedic surgeons. Research mentoring of physicians during residency was found to correlate with an increased pursuit of research and success in academic medicine [14]. However, women felt it was harder for them to find mentors compared to their male colleagues due to their gender [26].…”

Section: Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Academic Gender Disparity in Orthopedic Surgery in Canadian Universities

Yue

Khosa

2020

Cureus

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Introduction Academic medicine is notorious for being "male-dominated." We hypothesized that there were significant and quantifiable levels of gender disparity in academic orthopedic surgery, and this article attempts to quantify the extent of the existing disparity. Also, we examined the research productivity of academic faculty in orthopedic surgery and its correlation with academic ranks and leadership positions. Methods Our study design was cross-sectional in nature. We searched the Canadian Resident Matching Service (CaRMS) to compile a list of medical schools that offer orthopedic surgery training for residency. A total of 713 academic orthopedic surgeons met our inclusion criteria. Of the 713 orthopedic surgeons, 518 had an H-index score available on Elsevier's Scopus (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands). The gender, academic rank, leadership position, and H-index were compared. Data analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; IBM, Armonk, NY). The binomial negative regression was used to compare the average H-index between men and women at each rank. Results Our study results reveal that academic orthopedic surgery in Canada is male-dominated, with men holding 87% of the academic positions. Female academic orthopedic surgeons held lower academic ranks, such as assistant professor or lecturer. Women orthopedic surgeons had lower H-index scores compared to their counterparts in ranks above the assistant professor. Our findings imply that research productivity and the ratio of average H-index scores comparing men to women (HM/HF) grow larger with each academic rank. At a 90% confidence level, women were less likely to hold leadership positions than men at an odds ratio (OR) of 0.52 [90% confidence interval (CI): 0.29-0.925, p: 0.03]. There were no significant differences in Hindex between men and women for departmental leadership positions. Conclusion Women were underrepresented in number, rank, and academic productivity (H-index). We offer possible factors that may have contributed to this finding as well as potential solutions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Academic Gender Disparity in Orthopedic Surgery in Canadian Universities

Yue

Khosa

2020

Cureus

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“…Auch in anderen Ländern liegen entsprechende Daten vor, die das bestätigen [4,[7][8][9]. Mögliche Hürden auf dem Weg zur orthopädisch-unfallchirurgischen Chirurgin und einer akademischen Karriere wurden in verschiedenen Veröffentlichungen wie folgt beschrieben: fehlender Kontakt zu dem Fachgebiet O&U und muskuloskelettalen Themen während des Studiums [11,13,14,21,22], negativer Bias gegenüber Frauen [5] und das Fehlen von weiblichen Vorbildern [5,13,23]. Es konnte bereits gezeigt werden, dass ein früher Kontakt mit dem Fachgebiet O&U während des Studiums dazu führt, dass mehr weibliche Ärztinnen dieses Fachgebiet als Spezialisierung wählen [21,23].…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Ärztinnen in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie in Deutschland: ein aktueller Status quo

et al. 2020

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Arbeitswelt allgemein und im Bereich der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie im speziellen sind immer noch deutlich erkennbar, geraten aber immer stärker ins gesellschaftliche Bewusstsein. Ziel Analyse der geschlechtsspezifischen Entwicklung im Fachbereich Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie in Deutschland über die vergangenen 15 Jahre und Erhebung des Status quo. Methode Erfassung der Entwicklung von Absolventinnen des Humanmedizinstudiums, des Frauenanteils in der vertragsärztlichen und klinischen Versorgung und des geschlechtsspezifischen Erwerbs einer orthopädischen/unfallchirurgischen Zusatzbezeichnung. Auswertung der geschlechtsspezifischen Mitglieder- oder Teilnehmerzahlen der entsprechenden Fachgesellschaften und der größten deutschen Kongresse für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie sowie der Habilitationszahlen im Bereich Orthopädie. Ergebnisse und Diskussion Der Anteil an Ärztinnen in verschiedenen Bereichen der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie in Klinik und Wissenschaft steigt. In Führungspositionen in Kliniken, beim Erwerb von Zusatzbezeichnungen und in den Vorständen von Fachgesellschaften besteht immer noch eine deutliche Diskrepanz. In manchen Bereichen, wie Kinder‑, Hand- oder Fuß‑/Sprunggelenkchirurgie ist der Frauenanteil höher als in anderen Teilbereichen der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie.

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“…8 Notably, orthopaedic surgery has been reported to have a significant gender imbalance in combination with the most marginal improvement in gender parity over time. [9][10][11][12] In Canada, in 2018, 11.2% of orthopaedic surgeons were female, up from 0.9% in 1968. 13 In Finland 11% of orthopaedic surgeons are women, 14 in the USA 6%, 15 in Australia 5%, 16 in New Zealand 5.1% 17 and in the UK 3%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Multiple barriers have been described to explain the low numbers of women in orthopaedics including limited exposure before and during medical training, a culture of gender bias, a lack of mentors and role models, concerns regarding lifestyle and male chauvinism. 12 The lack of female role models and mentors has been described as one of the most significant barriers to explain why women choose not to pursue a career in orthopaedic surgery. 5 21 In one US study from 2010, 20% of surveyed residency programmes reported having no female department members and 20% of programmes reported no female residents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting disparity: improvements towards gender parity in leadership and on the podium within the Canadian Orthopaedic Association

Hiemstra

Wittman²,

Mulpuri

et al. 2019

Journal of ISAKOS

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ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper was to analyse the 15-year trend of women in leadership roles within the Canadian Orthopaedic Association (COA). This included not only leadership positions at the committee level in the association but also the more visible podium positions in the annual meeting programme: research podium and poster presentations, session moderators, panellists and faculty.MethodsData on the numbers of male and female members were gathered from COA membership records for the most recent 5 years (2014–2018), as well as for 10 years previous (2009) and 15 years previous (2004). Male and female representation on COA committees, as well as the number of presenters at the annual meeting was calculated. Descriptive data were generated to compare the changes in gender representation over time.ResultsIn Canada, in 2018, 11.2% of orthopaedic surgeons were female. Within the COA, 17.6% of the members are female, with active female surgeons comprising 11.6% of the total membership. The largest increase in representation of women within the COA is in the trainee category which is 25.3% female. At the 2018 annual meeting, 25% of the attendees were women, with 22% of all podium appearances by women. Not including research presentations, women participated as faculty in 11% of the appearances at the 2018 annual meeting.ConclusionIn conclusion, gender parity is not yet a reality in Canadian orthopaedics; however, the number of females in leadership roles and on the podium is consistent with the current gender diversity within the COA membership. Further efforts will be required to improve gender diversity as well as to encourage female medical students to consider orthopaedics as a specialty. The availability of female role models that are visible on the podium and in leadership positions may be one strategy to encourage the journey toward gender parity.

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Barriers to Women Entering the Field of Orthopedic Surgery

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

Academic Gender Disparity in Orthopedic Surgery in Canadian Universities

Academic Gender Disparity in Orthopedic Surgery in Canadian Universities

Ärztinnen in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie in Deutschland: ein aktueller Status quo

Dissecting disparity: improvements towards gender parity in leadership and on the podium within the Canadian Orthopaedic Association

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